Step by Step Dial Up (PPPoE) Speedy dengan Winbox Mikrotik

Mikrotik punya kelebihan sendiri dalam hal dialup internet. Fasilitas PPPoEnya telah dikemas dengan sangat kompak sehingga proses setting bisa dilakukan dengan cepat. Disamping itu proses dialup nya sendiri juga sangat cepat. Paling tidak jika dibandingkan dengan Dialup dari Windows (paling lambat) bahkan dari modem sendiri.

Pada posting sebelumnya saya menulis tentang cara setting dialup speedy dari router mikrotik melalui command line. Namun bagi yang lebih nyaman dan menyukai mode GUI, kali ini saya sajikan setting dialup melalui Winbox. Mari kita mulai…

1. Sebelumnya, Anda perlu mempersiapkan modem terlebih dahulu. Set fungsi modem sebagai bridge, bukan sebagai PPPoE Dialer. Saya pernah pake modem Articonet ACN-100R dan TP-Link TD8117 Cara settingnya kurang lebih sama.

Buka browser Anda, masukkan alamat modem (defaultnya adalah http://192.168.1.1)

Untuk Articonet:

Masukkan username dan password : admin/admin
Pilih menu “Advanced Setup” > “WAN” , klik tombol “Edit” Masukkan nilai PVC Configuration : (masukkan nilainya sesuai wilayah TELKOM masing-masing daerah). Nilai ini dapat Anda lihat di sini.
VPI = X (setting saya=8)
VCI = XX (setting saya=8)
informasi ini bisa didapatkan dari petugas Telkom atau teknisi yang melakukan instalasi.
Service Category = UBR Without PCR, kemudian klik Next
Connection type = Bridging
Encapsulation = LLC, kemudian klik tombol Next
Tandai check box pilihan “Enable Bridge Service”, Next dan akhiri dengan Save
Selanjutnya pilih Save/Reboot, tunggu beberapa saat +- 2 menit hingga proses reboot modem selesai.

Untuk Modem TP-Link TD8117 lebih mudah. Setelah login, ikuti saja langkah step-by-step nya dari Menu Start Up > Wizard > Pilih koneksi Bridge > Akhiri dengan klik Finish

2. Selanjutnya setting IP untuk masing-masing LAN Card Anda. Jika Anda menemukan kesulitan setting IP ini, saya punya panduannya di sini, jadi satu dengan setting dialup speedy via command line. Topologi yang saya buat sebagai berikut:

[INTERNET]——[MODEM ADSL]——[ROUTER MIKROTIK]——[SWITCH]———[CLIENT]
xxx.xxx—192.168.1.1/192.168.1.100—192.168.1.103/192.168.30.1—192.168.30.2-192.168.30.254

3. Buka Winbox, kita akan mulai setting PPPoE-Client mikrotik.

Login ke Winbox, masukkan ip address Anda, dalam hal ini IP mikrotik dari LAN. Dalam contoh saya memakai 192.168.30.1 kemudian masukkan juga username dan password
Dari tampilan utama, pilih menu PPP untuk mengakses halaman berikut
Klik tanda + untuk menambahkan PPPoE Client dari box PPP, kemudian pilih menu PPPoE Client
Maka akan muncul box New Interface, kemudian pada tab General di field Name kita beri nama
koneksi PPPoE tersebut dalam artikel ini menggunakan nama “pppoe-speedy”.
Tetap dalam New Interface, pilih tab Dial Out. Masukkan username dan password account speedy. Biarkan setting lainnya dalam keadaan default.
Klik OK untuk mengaktifkan setting yang baru kita buat.

Selanjutnya diamkan sejenak dan tunggu Mikrotik tugasnya melakukan untuk dial ke speedy. Jika setting kita sudah benar makan muncul hasil setup kita sebelumnya. Jika kita perhatikan, kolom uptime akan berjalan dan menghitung durasi koneksi speedy.

Untuk melakukan cek, silakan pilih Tools > Ping, masukkan alamat yang akan diping. Di sini saya masukkan alamat web ini, www.guntingbatukertas.com. Hasilnya tampak seperti berikut.

pppoe5 Step by Step Dial Up (PPPoE) Speedy dengan Winbox Mikrotik

setting ip address network setting di windows

4. Anda tinggal mengarahkan IP Gateway komputer klien ke router mikrotik ini.

Akhirnya ping dari sisi klien untuk memastikan koneksi berjalan lancar.

SNR Margin

Ternyata SNR Margin(Signal-to-Noise Margin) & Line Attenuation Sangat Berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran koneksi

Kenapa bisa begitu ?
2 Faktor berikut :
1 Modulation Pada modem tidak sesuai atau settingan modul tidak tepat sasaran yang harusnya dengan modul bernama (ADSL_G.dmt)
2 Kabel line telepon dirumah anda kurang bagus. Kabel Line yang kurang bagus akan terdapat suara bising, bunyi kresek-kresek (begitulah bunyinya)
Solusinya :
- Pada Faktor 1 rubah settingan Modulation pada modem ADSL yang sangat berpengaruh pada SNR Margin, cari dan pilih modulation yang G.lite modulation G.lite pasti sudah terdapat di beberapa modem
jika sudah memilih modulation G.lite lalu restart modem tunggu beberapa detik/menit hingga modem up atau showtime. jika sudah up modemnya lihat status ADSL SNR Margin anda tambah besar atau sebaliknya
apabila SNR Margin semakin besar maka akan semakin baik koneksi anda dan sebaliknya jika SNR Margin anda semakin kecil maka koneksi anda akan lambat hal ini yang menyebabkan Koneksi speedy anda lambat

- Pada Faktor 2 Kabel Line yang rusak/jelek sangat berpengaruh pada Line Attenuation. Angkat gagang Pesawat telepon anda apakah ada suara bising , atau kresek-kresek dengan menekan angka 1-9. Apabila memang
terdapat suara bising atau kresek-kresek cek kabel line telepon anda urut dari ujung ke ujung kabel jika terdapat kulit kabel line yang mengelupas potong lalu rapihkan kembali untuk menghindari induksi.
Periksa Kotak kabel line / terminal line telepon jika memang terdapat terminal yang rusak atau sudah karatan lebih baiknya di ganti dengan yang baru, Paralel telepon harus dilakukan setelah splitter, jika tidak maka setiap ada telepon masuk koneksi
speedynya langsung putus.

Klasifikasi SNR Margin
Note : Semakin Tinggi semakin baik
29,0 dB ~ ke atas = Outstanding (bagus sekali)
20,0 dB ~ 28,9 dB = Excellent (bagus) • Koneksi stabil.
11,0 dB ~ 19,9 dB = Good (baik) • Sinkronisasi sinyal ADSL dapat berlangsung lancar.
07,0 dB ~ 10,9 dB = Fair (cukup) • Rentan terhadap variasi perubahan kondisi pada jaringan.
00,0 dB ~ 06,9 dB = Bad (buruk) • Sinkronisasi sinyal gagal atau tidak lancar (terputus-putus).

Klasifikasi Line Attenuation
Note : Semakin Rendah Semakin Baik
00,0 dB ~ 19,99 dB = Outstanding (bagus sekali)
20,0 dB ~ 29,99 dB = Excellent (bagus)
30,0 dB ~ 39,99 dB = Very good (baik)
40,0 dB ~ 49,99 dB = Good (cukup)
50,0 dB ~ 59,99 dB = Poor (buruk) • Kemungkinan akan timbul masalah koneksi (tidak lancar, dsb).
60,0 dB ~ ke atas = Bad (amburadul) • Pasti akan timbul banyak gangguan koneksi (sinyal hilang, tidak bisa connect, dsb).

Konfigurasi modem mode bridge pada Modem Abbatec yang dilakuakan pada Os Windows Xp dengan ISP Telkom Speedy

Masuk ke setting modem dengan ip standarnya yaitu
192.168.1.1

Klik WAN>add>
ATM PVC Configuration

VPI = 0
VCI = 35

klik next

pilih Connection Type pada radio button : Bridge

Klik Next >

Lalu centang text Enable Bridge Service
klik Next>

Hasilnya akan seperti gambar di bawah ini :

Klik Save lalu klik Save/Reboot
Selesai setting modem dan sekarang setting di windows

klik Control Panel

Start>Control Panel>Network Connection>Create a new connection

klik Next

Pilih Connect to the internet
klik Next>

Pilih Set up my connection manually
klik next>

Pilih Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and password
klik Next>

Isi ISP Name : TelkomSpeedy

klik Next>

Isi User name : 123456789@telkom.net ( Sesuaikan dengan id speedy anda)

Password : (Sesuaikan dengan password speedy anda)

setelah itu klik next>

klik Finish
Selesai untuk setting bridge di windows

Klik Connect tunggu sampai mendapat ip public dari speedy karena ip public dari speedy pada settingan bridge ini dengan IP DHCP bukan Static IP , setelah mendapat IP public dari speedy maka komputer/PC anda sebagai dialing ke modem.

Selamat Berselancar dengan mode Bridge

Perbedaan Modem mode Bridge dengan Router di Telkom SPEEDY

Modem mode BRIDGE

Melakukan fungsi BRIDGE
Username ID dan Password di seting di PC
IP WAN diberikan ke PC
Cara seting dapat menggunakan Broadband Connection / Dial Up Connection
Satu modem hanya untuk satu komputer

Modem mode ROUTER

Melakukan fungsi ROUTER
Username ID dan Password di seting di modem
IP WAN diberikan ke modem
Cara seting dapat menggunakan aplikasi web, telnet dan hyperterminal (tergantung fitur remote modem)
Satu modem bisa terhubung dengan beberapa komputer dengan menggunakan HUB/Switch

Konfigurasi dasar pada mikrotik

SKENARIO

LAN —> Mikrotik RouterOS —> Modem ADSL —> INTERNET

Untuk LAN, kita menggunakan ip address class C, dengan network 192.168.10.0/24. Untuk Mikrotik RouterOS, kita perlu dua ethernet card. Satu (ether1 – 192.168.1.2/24) untuk sambungan ke Modem ADSL dan satu lagi (ether2 – 192.168.10.1/24) untuk sambungan ke LAN. Untuk Modem ADSL, IP kita set 192.168.1.1/24.

Sebelum mengetikkan apapun, pastikan Anda telah berada pada root menu dengan mengetikkan “/”

1. Set IP untuk masing² ethernet card

ip address add address=192.168.1.2/24 interface=ether1 (public)

ip address add address=192.168.10.1/24 interface=ether2 (local)

Untuk menampilkan hasil perintah di atas ketikkan perintah berikut:

ip address print

Kemudian lakukan testing dengan mencoba nge-ping ke gateway atau ke komputer yg ada pada LAN. Jika hasilnya sukses, maka konfigurasi IP Anda sudah benar

ping 192.168.1.1
ping 192.168.10.10

2. Menambahkan Routing
ip route add gateway=192.168.1.1

3. Setting DNS

ip dns set primary-dns=202.134.1.10 allow-remote-requests=yes
ip dns set secondary-dns=202.134.0.155 allow-remote-requests=yes

Karena koneksi ini menggunakan Speedy dari Telkom, maka DNS yg aq pake ya punya Telkom. Silahkan sesuaikan dengan DNS provider Anda.

Setelah itu coba Anda lakukan ping ke yahoo.com misalnya:

ping yahoo.com

Jika hasilnya sukses, maka settingan DNS sudah benar

4. Source NAT (Network Address Translation) / Masquerading

Agar semua komputer yg ada di LAN bisa terhubung ke internet juga, maka Anda perlu menambahkan NAT (Masquerade) pada Mikrotik.

ip firewall nat add chain=srcnat action=masquerade out-interface=ether1

Sekarang coba lakukan ping ke yahoo.com dari komputer yang ada di LAN

ping yahoo.com

Jika hasilnya sukses, maka setting masquerade sudah benar

5. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

Karena alasan supaya praktis, temenku pengin pake DHCP Server. Biar klo tiap ada klien yang konek, dia ga perlu setting IP secara manual. Tinggal obtain aja dari DHCP Server, beres dah. Untungnya Mikrotik ini juga ada fitur DHCP Servernya. Jadi ya ga ada masalah..
* Membuat IP Address Pool

ip pool add name=dhcp-pool ranges=192.168.0.2-192.168.0.254

* Menambahkan DHCP Network
ip dhcp-server network add address=192.168.10.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.1 dns-server=202.134.1.10,202.134.0.155

* Menambahkan Server DHCP

ip dhcp-server add name=DHCP_LAN disabled=no interface=ether2 address-pool=dhcp-pool
Sekarang coba lakukan testing dari komputer klien, untuk me-request IP Address dari Server DHCP. Jika sukses, maka sekali lagi, settingannya udah bener

6. Management Bandwidth

Agar semua komputer klien pada LAN tidak saling berebut bandwidth, maka perlu dilakukan yg namanya bandwidth management atau bandwidth control, idea: (saya menggunakan simple que supaya lebih mudah ;

queue simple add name=”Billing” target-address=192.168.10.2/32 dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=Local queue=default priority=8 limit-at=16000/32000 max-limit=16000/64000

queue simple add name=”Kasir” target-addresses=192.168.10.3/32 dst-address=0.0.0.0/0 interface=Local parent=Shaping priority=8 queue=default/default limit-at=0/8000 max-limit=0/256000 total-queue=default

Lanjutkan perintah tersebut untuk semua client yang ingin di limit bnadwithnya.

7. Graphing

Mikrotik ini juga dilengkapi dengan fungsi monitoring traffic layaknya MRTG biasa. Jadi kita bisa melihat berapa banyak paket yg dilewatkan pada PC Mikrotik kita.

tool graphing set store-every=5min

Berikutnya yang akan kita monitor adalah paket² yg lewat semua interface yg ada di PC Mikrotik kita, klo di komputerku ada ether1 dan ether2.

tool graphing interface add interface=all store-on-disk=yes

Sekarang coba arahkan browser anda ke IP Router Mikrotik. Klo aq di sini:

http://192.168.10.1/graphs/

Nanti akan ada pilihan interface apa aja yg ada di router Anda. Coba klik salah satu, maka Anda akan bisa melihat grafik dari paket2 yg lewat pada interface tersebut.

Beda Limit Siang dan Malam secara otomatis pake Scheduler versi 2.xx

Untuk Script Limit bandwith malam :
1.Akses Router Miktorik anda
2.System > Clock > kemudian perhatikan date(tgl) & time(waktu)
3.System > Scripts > New Script isikan data berikut :
Name : Limit Malam
Policy : Conteng Read, Policy dan Write
Source :
/queue simple set user1 limit-at=64000/128000 max-limit=64000/128000 total-limit-at=128000 total-max-limit=128000
nb:copy dan paste untuk user lainnya

4.System > Scheduler > New Schedule isikan data berikut :
Name : Malam
Start Date : (tgl mulai disesuaikan dengan tgl di mikrotik) jun/07/2007
Start Time : (waktu mulai disesuaikan kebutuhan) 19:00:00 (untuk jam 7 mlm)
Interval : 1d 00:00:00 (rolling per 1 hari)
On Event :
Limit Malam

Untuk Script Limit bandwith siang :
1.System > Scripts > New Script isikan data berikut :
Name : Limit Siang
Policy : Conteng Read, Policy dan Write
Source :
/queue simple set user1 limit-at=32000/64000 max-limit=32000/64000 total-limit-at=64000 total-max-limit=64000
nb:silahkan sesuaian pada user yg laen

2.System > Scheduler > New Schedule isikan data berikut :
Name : Siang
Start Date : (tgl mulai disesuaikan dengan tgl di mikrotik) jun/07/2007
Start Time : (waktu mulai disesuaikan kebutuhan) 07:00:00 (untuk jam 7 pagi)
Interval : 1d 00:00:00 (rolling per 1 hari)
On Event :
Limit Siang

Langkah diatas secara otomatis akan memberikan setting limit pada siang hari 32k/64k mulai jam 7 pagi s/d jam 7 mlm sedangkan limit bandwith malam hari 64k/128k mulai jam 7 mlm s/d jam 7 pagi.

Kendalanya kalo pake scheduler, kalo pas waktu yg ditentukan mesin mikrotik mati (mati lampu misalnya), lewat deh batasan malam/siang.

Kalo di mikrotik v3.xx (di versi 2.xx sering bermasalah) ada cara utk menyiasati:

1. Hanya dibutuhkan 1 script, pada script, tambahkan pendeteksi waktu:

:if ([/system clock get time] < [:totime 06:59:59]) do={

/queue simple set user1 limit-at=64000/128000 max-limit=64000/128000 total-limit-at=128000 total-max-limit=128000

} else {

:if ([/system clock get time] < [:totime 19:00:00]) do={
/queue simple set user1 limit-at=32000/64000 max-limit=32000/64000 total-limit-at=64000 total-max-limit=64000
} else {
/queue simple set user1 limit-at=64000/128000 max-limit=64000/128000 total-limit-at=128000 total-max-limit=128000
}

}

2. Pada scheduler buat interval misalkan 30 menit, dengan begini walau mati lampu pada waktu yg ditentukan, batasan malam/siang tetap terkontrol.

Software to open word exel powerpoint 2007 on office 2003

MS Office 2007 File Format Converter is an application that lets you open, edit, and save documents, workbooks, and presentations in the file formats new to Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007.
MS Office 2007 File Format Converter should be used by computer users with Microsoft Office 2000, 2003 or earlier editions.
Overview
Users of the Microsoft Office XP and 2003 programs Word, Excel, or PowerPoint—please install all High-Priority updates from Microsoft Update before downloading the Compatibility Pack.

By installing the Compatibility Pack in addition to Microsoft Office 2000, Office XP, or Office 2003, you will be able to open, edit, and save files using the file formats new to Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007. The Compatibility Pack can also be used in conjunction with the Microsoft Office Word Viewer 2003, Excel Viewer 2003, and PowerPoint Viewer 2003 to view files saved in these new formats. For more information about the Compatibility Pack, see Knowledge Base article 924074.

Note: If you use Microsoft Word 2000 or Microsoft Word 2002 to read or write documents containing complex scripts, please see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/925451 for information to enable Word 2007 documents to be displayed correctly in your version of Word.

Administrators: The administrative template for the Word, Excel, and PowerPoint converters contained within the Compatibility Pack is available for download.

Update: The Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack Service Pack 1 (SP1) is available here.
System Requirements
- Supported Operating Systems: Windows 2000 Service Pack 4; Windows Server 2003; Windows Vista; Windows Vista Service Pack 1; Windows XP Service Pack 1; Windows XP Service Pack 2; Windows XP Service Pack 3
- Recommended Microsoft Office programs:
Instructions
To install this download:
1. Ensure your system is up to date by installing all High-Priority/Required updates on Microsoft Update (required for Microsoft Office XP and 2003 users).
2. After installing all High-Priority/Required updates with Microsoft Update, download the Compatibility Pack by clicking the Download button above and saving the file to your hard disk.
3. Double-click the FileFormatConverters.exe program file on your hard disk to start the setup program.
4. Follow the instructions on the screen to complete the installation.
To remove this download:
1. On the Windows Start menu, click Control Panel.
2. Select Add/Remove Programs.
3. In the list of currently installed programs, select Compatibility Pack for the 2007 Office system and then click Remove or Add/Remove. If a dialog box appears, follow the instructions to remove the program.
4. Click Yes or OK to confirm that you want to remove the program.
What Others Are Downloading
Others who downloaded Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats also downloaded:

Download Here

Bytes >< bits

Definition: A byte is a sequence of bits. In computer networking, some network protocols send and receive data in the form of byte sequences. These are called byte-oriented protocols. Examples of byte-oriented protocols include TCP/IP and telnet.

The order in which bytes are sequenced in a byte-oriented network protocol is called the network byte order. The maximum size of a single unit of transmission for these protocols, the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), is also measured in bytes. Network programmers routinely work both with network byte ordering and MTUs.

Bytes are used not only in networking, but also for computer disks, memory, and central processing units (CPUs). In all modern network protocols, a byte contains eight bits. A few (generally obsolete) computers may use bytes of different sizes for other purposes.

The sequence of bytes in other parts of the computer may not follow the network byte order. Part of the job of the networking subsystem of a computer is to convert between the host byte order and network byte order when needed.

Definition: A bit is the smallest unit of data transfer on a computer network. Bits represent the two binary values "on" or "off." Bits are often stored on computers as the digital numbers '1' and '0', but in networking, bits can also be "encoded" by electrical signals and pulses of light.

In computer networking, some network protocols send and receive data in the form of bit sequences. These are called bit-oriented protocols. Examples of bit-oriented protocols include PPP.

Though sometimes written in decimal or byte form, network addresses like IP addresses and MAC addresses are ultimately represented as bits in network communications.

Finally, special digital numbers called "keys" are often used to encrypt data on computer networks. The length of these keys is expressed in terms of number of bits. The greater the number of bits, the relatively more effective that key is in protecting data. In wireless network security, for example, 40-bit WEP keys proved to be relatively insecure but the 128-bit or larger WEP keys used today are much more effective.

Also Known As: binary digit

The terms bit and byte are common in computer networking. Both terms refer to digital data transmitted over a network connection. For example, bits and bytes both may represent network addresses or port numbers.

A bit, short for binary digit, is the smallest unit of measurement used for information storage in computers. A bit is represented by a 1 or a 0 with a value of true or false, sometimes expressed as on or off. Eight bits form a single byte of information, also known as an octet. Thus, the difference between a bit and a byte is size, or the amount of information stored.

A bit is a single numeric value, either '1' or '0', that encodes a single unit of digital information. A byte is a sequence of bits; usually eight bits equal one byte.

For example, in Internet Protocol (IP) networking, IP addresses contain 32 bits or 4 bytes. The bits encode the network address so that it can be shared on the network. The bytes divide the bits into groups.

The IP address 192.168.0.1, for instance, is encoded with the following bits and bytes:

11000000 10101000 00000000 00000001 Bits are grouped into bytes to, generally speaking, increase the efficiency of computer hardware, including network equipment, disks and memory.

For example, it takes eight bits (1 byte) to store a single character. The capital letter “A” is expressed digitally as 01000001. A small case “a” is represented in binary code as 01100001. Notice the third bit is different in each octet. By rearranging the bits within the octet, a byte is capable of producing 256 unique combinations to form letters, numbers, special characters and symbols.

It can get confusing keeping units of storage straight, but if you have trouble remembering which is a bit and a byte, note that the smaller word is the smaller unit of storage. Once the difference between a bit and a byte is understood, this helps to remember the difference between greater units such as the kilobit and kilobyte.

A kilobit is 1000 bits, though in the binary system it is designated as 1024 bits due to the amount of space required to store a kilobit using common operating systems and storage schemes. For simplicity, however, you can think of kilo as referring to 1000 to more easily remember what a kilobit is. A kilobyte then, would be 1000 bytes.

Knowing the difference between a bit and a byte helps to understand megabits, megabytes, gigabits and gigabytes. For example, 1000 kilobits is 1 megabit, and 1000 kilobytes is 1 megabyte. Since we know a bit is 8x smaller than a byte, we know that one megabyte is 8x larger than 1 megabit. Following this pattern, 1000 megabits is 1 gigabit, and 1000 megabytes 1 gigabyte.

Internet connection speeds are expressed in terms of data transfer rates in both directions (uploading and downloading), as bits or bytes per second. Abbreviations are unfortunately not standardized, making it easy for customers or potential clients to confuse a bit and a byte when trying to determine bang for the buck. For example, a speed of “750 kbps” might be misinterpreted by a customer as meaning 750 kilobytes per second – or 8x faster than what the provider means.

In our earlier example, we used the binary number 10101110. This number has 8 binary digits, or 8 bits. This is not a coincidence, because if you take a group of 8 bits, you have a byte. The reason we have to group bits is that if you are being fed a continuous stream of bits you have no idea where one piece of information ends and the next one starts. But if you receive groups of defined length, e.g. a byte containing 8 bits, it's easy to interpret them. A good example is how ASCII code (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) works. Any character you type on your keyboard is interpreted by your computer as a byte, an 8 digit binary number. For example, the letter "A" is expressed as the ASCII code 65. But 65 is a decimal number, so if you convert it to a binary number, you get 01000001. These 8 digits, or one byte, are known to your computer as the letter "A".

It is very important to know the difference between a bit and a byte because these two can get easily confused. One good example is monitoring data transfer speed. When you download a file from the Internet, you probably have noticed that your browser indicates the transfer rate in KBps. Please note that the letter "B" is capitalized. This means the transfer rate is shown in Kilo Bytes per second. For example, your download might arrive at a rate of 3.5 KBps. Now, if you are using a 56K modem, why is that rate so low, shouldn't you see something closer to 56? No, because 56K is short for 56 Kbps. Note the lower case "b", it means Kilo Bits per second. And since we know that 8 bits equal one byte, we divide 56 by 8 and get a theoretical maximum of 7 Kilo Bytes per second.

A rule of thumb generally reliable is that small case abbreviations typically refer to bits, while a capital letter typically refers to bytes. Hence kilobits per second would be “kbps” and kilobytes would be “KBps,” or “kBps.” The same holds for megabits (mbps), and megabytes per second (MBps). Bits might also be expressed as “Kbit,” “Mbit,” or “Gbit.”

A GigaByte does not necessarily equal a GigaByte

Here's another situation where you can look really smart if you paid attention and know the difference between the binary and the decimal system. This question is asked over and over again:

"I bought a 8.4GB hard drive, but when I formatted it, Windows tells me that I have only 7.82 GB available. Did they sell me the wrong drive?"

No, they sold you the correct drive, but it was not labeled quite correctly. The marketing department of the drive manufacturer doesn't know too much about bits and bytes and the binary system. To make it easier to calculate, they assume that 1 KB is 1000 Bytes, 1 MB is 1000 KB, etc. which is wrong. So when they have a drive that can hold 8,400,000,000 Bytes, they just call it 8.4 GB and say that's close enough for government work. Not so.The multiplication factor is not 1000 since we're not using the decimal system, it is 1024 instead (2 to the power of 10).

To figure out the correct size of that drive, divide 8,400,000,000 Bytes by 1024 and you'll get 8,203,125 KB. Divide that by 1024, and you get 8,010 MB. Divide that by 1024 and you get 7.82 GB which is the actual size of your hard drive in GB as reported by your operating system.

Of Pits and Grooves

A CD stores data using the binary system in the following matter: When writing data to a CD, the laser does nothing else than following a spiral-shaped "guide groove" while burning the data as a long string of pits into a reflective dye layer on the CD. When the CD is read later, a laser follows the same spiral and reads either a pit where the light does not get reflected very well, or a smooth area called land where the light reflects very well. This system is nothing else but our good old binary system, using only two possible states, pit or land, to read and record data in binary format, 0 or 1.

Magnetic storage

Storing data on a magnetic media, such as a hard drive, also uses the binary system. In a very simplified manner of speaking, each data bit gets stored on a drive as a tiny magnetic field. Each magnetic field has two poles, North and South. When the disk spins around and data is read by the read head, the magnetic field either has the North or the South pole aligned first. Again, only two possible stages, North or South, 0 or 1.

baud

Definition: A baud is a unit of measure for analog signaling. At a minimum, one baud corresponds to one bit per second (bps) although at higher signaling speeds, multiple bits can be transfered in a single baud.

The term baud was popular in the early days of modems, but it is no longer relevant in mainstream computer networking terminology.

Definition: The data rate of a computer network connection is normally measured in units of bits per second (bps). Network equipment makers typically rate their products using related, larger units of Kbps, Mbps and Gbps.

one kilobit per second (Kbps) equals 1000 bits per second (bps). (Note: Kbps is sometimes also written as “kbps” - both carry the same meaning.)
one megabit per second (Mbps) equals 1000 Kbps or one million bps.
one gigabit per second (Gbps) equals 1000 Mbps or one million Kbps or one billion bps.

Data rates for non-network equipment are sometimes shown in bytes per second (Bps) rather than bits per second. In those cases,

one KBps equals one kilobyte per second
one MBps equals one megabyte per second, and
one GBps equals one gigabyte per second

Finally, one kilobyte per second equals 8 kilobits per second.

Also Known As: Kb/sec, Kb/s, Mb/sec, Mb/s, Gb/sec, Gb/s

Examples:

Old V.90 modems supported data rates up to 56 Kbps. Traditional Ethernet supported data rates up to 10 Mbps while Fast Ethernet provides 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet supports 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps).

What is the difference between bps and Bps?

Q. "Is there any difference between bps (small 'b') and Bps (capital 'b')?"

A. The term "bps" specifies network bandwidth in bits per second. The term "Bps" specifies network bandwidth in bytes per second.

bandwidth

Definition: Bandwidth in computer networking refers to the data rate supported by a network connection or interface. One most commonly expresses bandwidth in terms of bits per second (bps). The term comes from the field of electrical engineering, where bandwidth represents the total distance or range between the highest and lowest signals on the communication channel (band).

Bandwidth represents the capacity of the connection. The greater the capacity, the more likely that greater performance will follow, though overall performance also depends on other factors, such as latency.

Also Known As: throughput

Examples:

A V.90 modem supports a maximum theoretical bandwidth of 56 Kbps. Fast Ethernet supports a theoretical maximum bandwidth of 100 Mbps.

Motorola Secret Codes

IMEI number:
*#06#

Code to lock keys. Press together *7

Note: [] (pause) means the * key held in until box appears.

Select phone line - (use this to write things below the provider name):
[] [] [] 0 0 8 [] 1 []

Add phonebook to main menu:
[] [] [] 1 0 5 [] 1 []

Add messages to main menu:
[] [] [] 1 0 7 [] 1 []

Copy SIM memory (phonebook menu):
[] [] [] 1 0 8 [] 1 []

Eng Field options (main menu):
[] [] [] 1 1 3 [] 1 []

Slow (Frequency of search menu):
[] [] [] 1 0 1 [] 1 []

Medium (Frequency of search menu):
[] [] [] 1 0 2 [] 1 []

Fast (Frequency of search menu):
[] [] [] 1 0 3 [] 1 []

Enable EFR:
[] [] [] 1 1 9 [] 1 []

Function :
[] [] [] # # # [] 1 []

Change pin:
[] [] [] 0 0 4 [] 1 []

Unblocking using the "puk" number:
[] [] [] 0 0 5 [] 1 []

There are lots of similar codes exist. If you change the last number to 0 you can deactive that code. The 3 digit number at the middle are from 0 to 999. I put the most interesting codes. (EFR):Enhanced Full Rate Codec.

You can change GSM frequencies to 900/1800 by entering the enginnering model. Following the below steps:

enter menu and press 048263* quickly, then you will enter the secret engineering menu
under "Opcode"
input 10*0*3 for GSM 900
10*0*4 for GSM 1800
10*0*5 for GSM 1900
10*0*6 for dual band GSM 900/1800
10*0*7 for dual band GSM 850/1900

To add extra message space 4 your Motorola C350 C450 C550 or C650, press menu button, press 048263* quickly, then on the popup menu enter 47 press ok.press 50 and ok.press 1 ok.press 64 ok.press 1 ok.press 186 and ok.You will receive an extra 50 msgs memory space.Switch phone off and back on.(not tested)

Important!
Try these codes at your own risk! We don't accept any complaints.
Some of these codes may not work.

LG Secret Codes

LG all models test mode: Type 2945#*# on the main screen.

2945*#01*# Secret menu for LG

IMEI (ALL): *#06#

IMEI and SW (LG 510): *#07#

Software version (LG B1200): *8375#

Recount cheksum (LG B1200): *6861#

Factory test (B1200): #PWR 668

Simlock menu (LG B1200): 1945#*5101#

Simlock menu (LG 510W, 5200): 2945#*5101#

Simlock menu (LG 7020, 7010): 2945#*70001#

Simlock menu (LG 500, 600): 2947#*

LG-U81XX SPECIAL CODES

Code to read phone version :

- Phone without SIM

- Enter 277634#*# or 47328545454#

- Select 'SW Ver.info'

Code to reset phone :

- Phone without SIM

- Enter 277634#*# or 47328545454#

- Select 'Factory Reset'

Code to enter UNLOCK MENU :

- Phone wit SIM inside

- Enter 2945#*88110#

Test Menu 8330 : 637664#*#

Test Menu 8180 V10a: 49857465454#

Test Menu 8180 V11a: 492662464663#

Test Menu 8130-8138: 47328545454#

Test Menu 8110-8120: 277634#*#

Important!
Try these codes at your own risk! We don't accept any complaints.
Some of these codes may not work.

Samsung Secret Codes

Software version: *#9999#

IMEI number: *#06#

Serial number: *#0001#

Battery status- Memory capacity : *#9998*246#

Debug screen: *#9998*324# - *#8999*324#

LCD kontrast: *#9998*523#

Vibration test: *#9998*842# - *#8999*842#

Alarm beeper - Ringtone test : *#9998*289# - *#8999*289#

Smiley: *#9125#

Software version: *#0837#

Display contrast: *#0523# - *#8999*523#

Battery info: *#0228# or *#8999*228#

Display storage capacity: *#8999*636#

Display SIM card information: *#8999*778#

Show date and alarm clock: *#8999*782#

The display during warning: *#8999*786#

Samsung hardware version: *#8999*837#

Show network information: *#8999*638#

Display received channel number and received intensity: *#8999*9266#

*#1111# S/W Version

*#1234# Firmware Version

*#2222# H/W Version

*#8999*8376263# All Versions Together

*#8999*8378# Test Menu

*#4777*8665# GPSR Tool

*#8999*523# LCD Brightness

*#8999*377# Error LOG Menu

*#8999*327# EEP Menu

*#8999*667# Debug Mode

*#92782# PhoneModel (Wap)

#*5737425# JAVA Mode

*#2255# Call List

*#232337# Bluetooth MAC Adress

*#5282837# Java Version

Type in *#0000# on a Samsung A300 to reset the language

Master reset(unlock) #*7337# (for the new samsungs E700 x600 but not E710)

Samsung E700 type *#2255# to show secret call log (not tested)

Samsung A300, A800 phone unlock enter this *2767*637#

Samsung V200, S100, S300 phone unlock : *2767*782257378#

#*4773# Incremental Redundancy

#*7785# Reset wakeup & RTK timer cariables/variables

#*7200# Tone Generator Mute

#*3888# BLUETOOTH Test mode

#*7828# Task screen

#*#8377466# S/W Version & H/W Version

#*2562# Restarts Phone

#*2565# No Blocking? General Defense.

#*3353# General Defense, Code Erased.

#*3837# Phone Hangs on White screen.

#*3849# Restarts Phone

#*7337# Restarts Phone (Resets Wap Settings)

#*2886# AutoAnswer ON/OFF

#*7288# GPRS Detached/Attached

#*7287# GPRS Attached

#*7666# White Screen

#*7693# Sleep Deactivate/Activate

#*2286# Databattery

#*2527# GPRS switching set to (Class 4, 8, 9, 10)

#*2679# Copycat feature Activa/Deactivate

#*3940# External looptest 9600 bps

#*4263# Handsfree mode Activate/Deactivate

#*2558# Time ON

#*3941# External looptest 115200 bps

#*5176# L1 Sleep

#*7462# SIM Phase

#*7983# Voltage/Freq

#*7986# Voltage

#*8466# Old Time

#*2255# Call Failed

#*5376# DELETE ALL SMS!!!!

#*6837# Official Software Version: (0003000016000702)

#*2337# Permanent Registration Beep

#*2474# Charging Duration

#*2834# Audio Path (Handsfree)

#*3270# DCS Support Activate/Deactivate

#*3282# Data Activate/Deactivate

#*3476# EGSM Activate/Deactivate

#*3676# FORMAT FLASH VOLUME!!!

#*4760# GSM Activate/Deactivate

#*4864# White Screen

#*7326# Accessory

#*7683# Sleep variable

#*3797# Blinks 3D030300 in RED

#*7372# Resetting the time to DPB variables

#*3273# EGPRS multislot (Class 4, 8, 9, 10)

#*7722# RLC bitmap compression Activate/Deactivate

#*2351# Blinks 1347E201 in RED

#*2775# Switch to 2 inner speaker

#*7878# FirstStartup (0=NO, 1=YES)

#*3838# Blinks 3D030300 in RED

#*2077# GPRS Switch

#*2027# GPRS Switch

#*0227# GPRS Switch

#*0277# GPRS Switch

#*22671# AMR REC START

#*22672# Stop AMR REC (File name: /a/multimedia/sounds/voice list/ENGMODE.amr)

#*22673# Pause REC

#*22674# Resume REC

#*22675# AMR Playback

#*22676# AMR Stop Play

#*22677# Pause Play

#*22678# Resume Play

#*77261# PCM Rec Req

#*77262# Stop PCM Rec

#*77263# PCM Playback

#*77264# PCM Stop Play

#*22679# AMR Get Time

*#8999*364# Watchdog ON/OFF

*#8999*427# WATCHDOG signal route setup

*2767*3855# = Full Reset (Caution every stored data will be deleted.)

*2767*2878# = Custom Reset

*2767*927# = Wap Reset

*2767*226372# = Camera Reset (deletes photos)

*2767*688# Reset Mobile TV

#7263867# = RAM Dump (On or Off)

*2767*49927# = Germany WAP Settings

*2767*44927# = UK WAP Settings

*2767*31927# = Netherlands WAP Settings

*2767*420927# = Czech WAP Settings

*2767*43927# = Austria WAP Settings

*2767*39927# = Italy WAP Settings

*2767*33927# = France WAP Settings

*2767*351927# = Portugal WAP Settings

*2767*34927# = Spain WAP Settings

*2767*46927# = Sweden WAP Settings

*2767*380927# = Ukraine WAP Settings

*2767*7927# = Russia WAP Settings

*2767*30927# = GREECE WAP Settings

*2767*73738927# = WAP Settings Reset

*2767*49667# = Germany MMS Settings

*2767*44667# = UK MMS Settings

*2767*31667# = Netherlands MMS Settings

*2767*420667# = Czech MMS Settings

*2767*43667# = Austria MMS Settings

*2767*39667# = Italy MMS Settings

*2767*33667# = France MMS Settings

*2767*351667# = Portugal MMS Settings

*2767*34667# = Spain MMS Settings

*2767*46667# = Sweden MMS Settings

*2767*380667# = Ukraine MMS Settings

*2767*7667#. = Russia MMS Settings

*2767*30667# = GREECE MMS Settings

*#7465625# = Check the phone lock status

*7465625*638*Code# = Enables Network lock

#7465625*638*Code# = Disables Network lock

*7465625*782*Code# = Enables Subset lock

#7465625*782*Code# = Disables Subset lock

*7465625*77*Code# = Enables SP lock

#7465625*77*Code# = Disables SP lock

*7465625*27*Code# = Enables CP lock

#7465625*27*Code# = Disables CP lock

*7465625*746*Code# = Enables SIM lock

#7465625*746*Code# = Disables SIM lock

*7465625*228# = Activa lock ON

#7465625*228# = Activa lock OFF

*7465625*28638# = Auto Network lock ON

#7465625*28638# = Auto Network lock OFF

*7465625*28782# = Auto subset lock ON

#7465625*28782# = Auto subset lock OFF

*7465625*2877# = Auto SP lock ON

#7465625*2877# = Auto SP lock OFF

*7465625*2827# = Auto CP lock ON

#7465625*2827# = Auto CP lock OFF

*7465625*28746# = Auto SIM lock ON

#7465625*28746# = Auto SIM lock OFF

Type *#9998*627837793# Go to the 'my parameters' and there you will find new menu where you can unlock phone.(not tested-for samsung C100)

To unlock a Samsung turn the phone off take the sim card and type the following code *#pw+15853649247w# .

Java status code: #*53696# (Samsung X600)

If you want to unlock your phone put a sim from another company then type *#9998*3323# it will reset your phone. Push exit and then push 7,
it will reset again. Put your other sim in and it will say sim lock, type in 00000000 then it should be unlocked. Type in *0141# then
the green call batton and it's unlocked to all networks. This code may not work on the older phones and some of the newer phones. If it doesn't work you will have to reset your phone without a sim in it by typing *#2767*2878# or *#9998*3855# (not tested)

Important!
Try these codes at your own risk! We don't accept any complaints.
Some of these codes may not work.

Nokia Secret Codes

Soft Reset

Soft Reset will clear pending errors and bring your mobile to an initial state by restoring Factory setting. To operate this function on your mobile, the shortcut is: *#7380#

This function apparently works on almost all nokia mobile phones.

Hard Reset

It may happen that despite you have restored your mobile to factory setting, the error still exist. In this case, it is recommended that you opt for Hard reset

Enter the code: *#7370# and press Yes to confirm initialization.

Important Notice: It is recommended that you save all important information on your phone (e.g: memo, contacts etc)

Note

To make a Hard Reset on a Nokia phone that is not willing to turn on, just press simultaneously these 3 buttons:

on/off + * + 3

Before making a Hard reset better backup all your important information: contacts , memo...etc

On the main screen type
*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity).

*#7780# reset to factory settings.

*#67705646# This will clear the LCD display(operator logo).

*#0000# To view software version.

*#2820# Bluetooth device address.

*#746025625# Sim clock allowed status.

*#62209526# - Display the MAC address of the WLAN adapter. This is available only in the newer devices that supports WLAN like N80

#pw+1234567890+1# Shows if sim have restrictions.

*#92702689# - takes you to a secret menu where you may find some of the information below:
1. Displays Serial Number.
2. Displays the Month and Year of Manufacture
3. Displays (if there) the date where the phone was purchased (MMYY)
4. Displays the date of the last repair - if found (0000)
5. Shows life timer of phone (time passes since last start)

*#3370# - Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) activation. Increase signal strength, better signal reception. It also help if u want to use GPRS and the service is not responding or too slow. Phone battery will drain faster though.

*#3370* - (EFR) deactivation. Phone will automatically restart. Increase battery life by 30% because phone receives less signal from network.

*#4720# - Half Rate Codec activation.

*#4720* - Half Rate Codec deactivation. The phone will automatically restart

If you forgot wallet code for Nokia S60 phone, use this code reset: *#7370925538#
Note, your data in the wallet will be erased. Phone will ask you the lock code. Default lock code is: 12345

Press *#3925538# to delete the contents and code of wallet.

*#7328748263373738# resets security code.
Default security code is 12345

Unlock service provider: Insert sim, turn phone on and press vol up(arrow keys) for 3 seconds, should say pin code. Press C,then press * message should flash, press * again and 04*pin*pin*pin#

Change closed caller group (settings >security settings>user groups) to 00000 and ure phone will sound the message tone when you are near a radar speed trap. Setting it to 500 will cause your phone 2 set off security alarms at shop exits, gr8 for practical jokes! (works with some of the Nokia phones.)

Press and hold "0" on the main screen to open wap browser.

Nokia 21xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#3283# Minggu Produksi/Bulan & Tahun
*#9999# Versi Software

Nokia 32xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#0000# Versi Software
*#92702689# Menu Layanan
*#746025625# Sim Clock Stop
*3370# EFR aktif, suara lebih jernih, baterai cepat habis.
#3370# EFR inactive.
*4720# HR aktif, suara tidak lebih jernih, baterai tahan lama.
#4720# HR OFF.

Nokia 51xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#0000# Versi Software
*#92702689# Menu layanan
*3370# EFR aktif, suara lebih jernih, baterai cepat habis.
#3370# EFR inactive.
*4720# HR aktif, suara tidak lebih jernih, baterai tahan lama.
#4720# HR OFF.

Nokia 61xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#0000# Versi Software
*#92702689# Menu layanan
*3370# EFR aktif, suara lebih jernih, baterai cepat habis.
#3370# EFR inactive.

Nokia 81xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#8110# Versi Software, tanggal produksi & nomor model
*#92702689# Menu layanan

Nokia 88xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#0000# Versi Software
*#92702689# Menu Layanan
*3370# EFR aktif, suara lebih jernih, baterai cepat habis.
#3370# EFR inactive.

Nokia 90xx
Kode Penjelasan
*#06# Kode IMEI
*#6823711
58412125# Versi Software
*#3283# Tanggal Produksi

Important!
Try these codes at your own risk! We don't accept any complaints.
Some of these codes may not work.

Sony Ericsson Secret Codes

Sony Ericsson Secret Menu: -> * <- <- * <- * (-> means press joystick, arrow keys or jogdial to the right and <- means left.) You'll see phone model, software info, IMEI, configuration info, sim lock status, REAL time clock, total call time and text labels. You can also test your phones services and hardware from this menu (main display, camera, LED/illumination, Flash LED, keyboard, earphone, speaker, microphone, radio and vibrator tests) IMEI (Internasional Mobile Equipment Identity) Number: *#06#
Reset back to english language : *#0000#
Lockstatus: <- * * <- Shortcut to last dialed numbers: 0#
Shortcut to sim numbers: On main menu type a number and press #

If you change the language from default to any other language, then it may be difficult to switch to default language. The shortcut is very simple. Just press <> . <> stands for right arrow button or joystick.

Shortcuts :

1. Menyimpan nomor “Missed Call” di direktori ponsel.
Cari menu “Missed Call”, tekan “Yes” untuk menampilkan nomor yang dituju. Tekan nomor apa saja ( 0 sampai 9 ), kemudian tekan “clear” sekali untuk memblok nomor tersebut, kemudian tekan dan tahan “<” sampai muncul “Store”, tekan “Yes”. 2. Menyembunyikan nomor. Setelah menekan nomor yang dituju dan sebelum menekan “Yes”, tekan ‘ > ‘ 2 kali untuk memilih “Hide Id?” dan tekan ‘Yes’.

3. Mengecek level batere ketika ponsel mati (off ).
Tekan ‘No’ secara cepat 1 x dan tunggu hingga tampilan baterai terlihat.

4. Menyimpan nomor di memori ponsel (bukan SIM Card).
Ikuti prosedur normal untuk menyimpan nomor. Ketika tampilan untuk menyimpan terlihat tekan ‘#’ sekali dan lokasi yang diinginkan, atau tekan ‘#’ 2 kali untuk melihat posisi lanjutan.

5. Menghubungi nomor dari pesan SMS.
Mengarahkan kursor pada nomor yang tertulis, kemudian tekan “Yes”.

Shortcut Penampilan Gambar :
(Berlaku di sebagian besar ponsel Symbian).
Ketika melihat image atau gambar di galeri, tekan :
1 : untuk memutar gambar ke kiri.
2 : untuk memutar gambar ke kanan.
5 atau 7 : untuk memperbesar (zoom) gambar.
* : untuk tampilan fullscreen atau non fullscreen.
Catatan : perintah angka di atas bisa berbeda di setiap ponsel.

Hard Reset :
Peringatan !!! Semua data ponsel akan hilang.
Dalam keadaan ponsel mati (off), tekan secara bersamaan tombol telepon (bicara), angka 3, dan tombol * (bintang). Kemudian dalam keadaan menekan ketiga tombol tersebut, tekan tombol On. Trik ini berlaku di sebagian besar ponsel Nokia.

Access menu without Sim card
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again. And this will not care about Phone lock!

A way to (un)lock your cell phone on to the network(subset):
1. Press <**<
2. Then on the display appear and give you two choices: Lock to Network ? and Lock to Network subset? (Use arrow keys to select)
3. Enter the NCK number (code is provided by the SP)
4. You have 5 attemps to do this
5. Then your cell phone will work 'only' with the network
Warning: The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator. To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user. Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Message Report
When you writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.

T18

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) Information you get from the IMEI:

XXXXXX XX XXXXXX X

TAC FAC SNR SP

TAC = Type approval code
FAC = Final assembly code
SNR = Serial number
SP = Spare

To access SIM-Locking menu of your phone, press: < * [CLR] <
Be carefull or you may lock your phone.

Message Report
When you writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.

T28

Message Report
When you are writing a message, place at the start of it the code *0# and continue with your message. It's job is like nokias report. It gives you information about the sended message.

388

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

*#0000# to reset the phones menu-language to English.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user. (not even to you... or is it ? in case please let me know!)

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu...
If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Access menu without Sim card ...
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on the GH688 your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

GA628

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

*#0000# to reset the phones menu-language to English.

*#103# then YES Time and date will be shown.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock
The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu
If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Bat. level indicator when turned OFF
When the phone is turned off and the phone is not changing - the bat. level can be seen for a short period of time by pressing the 'NO' key quick once (it has to be quick!) and then wait for about 2 sec. The bat. level will now be shown in the display at its normal position.

Access menu without Sim card
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

Alarm Clock Menu
Go to MissedCall Empty the list Press the -> key for a second or two The option Menu size turns up Choose 'yes' and go from there.

An alarm clock turned up too but it never rang. I think this was because there is no clock in the phone.

Free phone calls using the GA628
This trick has only been reported working on PREPAID GSM CARDS and in some countries and with some sw versions.

The prepaid GSM SIM CARD is a kind of "SIM card" which only has a sertant amount of credit on it (like a normal phonebox telecard)... if it can be traced? - we don't know...

Well..here's the trick you dial the no. normally and press YES. While "connecting" is shown on the screen, the following procedure should be carried out: Press CLR then 0 then # and then NO (twice) so as to switch OFF the phone. You can then still speak on the phone while it is switched off but the SIM card does not record your calls which will lead to FREE phone calls in some countries.. we hope!!

Another variant of the code
Make a Call, while the phone says Connecting type 083# (the position 83 must be empty! ), when phone says Pos Emtpy, press the NO key and turn off the phone.

If you can make the call with the phone turned off you will face a problem when you need to hang up the phone...the only way for you to do that is remove the battery...???
Gh688

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

*#0000# to reset the phones menu-language to English.

*#103# then YES Time and date will be shown.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock
The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu
If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Bat. level indicator when turned OFF
When the phone is turned off and the phone is not changing - the bat. level can be seen for a short period of time by pressing the 'NO' key quick once (it has to be quick!) and then wait for about 2 sec. The bat. level will now be shown in the display at its normal position.

Access menu without Sim card
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

Full Operator List
You can view the full operator list by doing the following: Go to the 'Edit list' menu under 'networks'. The phone say 'please wait' (searching for other networks). When finished, Press the <> keys.

Monitor mod on Ericsson GH688
How to enable net monitor on Ericson 688..

1. Remove SIM from phone
2. Dial 112, press YES, hear something
3. Dial 112YESNO 4. Press <(left arrow) before SETTINGS
5. Then YES, <(left arrow), then you will see NM on?
6. press YES

Free phone calls using the GH688
This trick has only been reported working on PREPAID GSM CARDS and in some countries and with some sw versions.

The prepaid GSM SIM CARD is a kind of "SIM card" which only has a sertant amount of credit on it (like a normal phonebox telecard)... if it can be traced? - we don't know...

Well..here's the trick you dial the no. normally and press YES. While "connecting" is shown on the screen, the following procedure should be carried out: Press CLR then 0 then # and then NO (twice) so as to switch OFF the phone. You can then still speak on the phone while it is switched off but the SIM card does not record your calls which will lead to FREE phone calls in some countries.. we hope!!

Another variant of the code
Make a Call, while the phone says Connecting type 083# (the position 83 must be empty! ), when phone says Pos Emtpy, press the NO key and turn off the phone.

If you can make the call with the phone turned off you will face a problem when you need to hang up the phone...the only way for you to do that is remove the battery...???

GF788

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

If you dial 923885 and > .It'll appear a great menu, to change several options like menu's string( welcome, roaming, normal), to change band codes and other things.

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (298 entries)

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language. (160 entries?)

The Service Provider (SP) Lock
The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu
If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Bat. level indicator when turned OFF
When the phone is turned off and the phone is not changing - the bat. level can be seen for a short period of time by pressing the 'NO' key quick once (it has to be quick!) and then wait for about 2 sec. The bat. level will now be shown in the display at its normal position.

Access menu without Sim card
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

Free phone calls using the GF788
This trick has only been reported working on PREPAID GSM CARDS and in some countries and with some sw versions.

The prepaid GSM SIM CARD is a kind of "SIM card" which only has a sertant amount of credit on it (like a normal phonebox telecard)... if it can be traced? - we don't know...

Well..here's the trick you dial the no. normally and press YES. While "connecting" is shown on the screen, the following procedure should be carried out: Press CLR then 0 then # and then NO (twice) so as to switch OFF the phone. You can then still speak on the phone while it is switched off but the SIM card does not record your calls which will lead to FREE phone calls in some countries.. we hope!!

Another variant of the code
Make a Call, while the phone says Connecting type 083# (the position 83 must be empty! ), when phone says Pos Emtpy, press the NO key and turn off the phone.

If you can make the call with the phone turned off you will face a problem when you need to hang up the phone...the only way for you to do that is remove the battery...???

SH888

*#06# for checking the IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

>*<<*<* for checking the firmware revision information (software release)

>*<<*<*> 1-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.

>*<<*<*>> n-row text strings. if pressing yes you can check the phones text programming in currently selected language.

>*<<*<*>>> IR version info. if pressing yes you can check the phones IR device's driver version.

The Service Provider (SP) Lock
The Service Provider (SP) Lock menu is used to lock the cell phone to the SP's SIM card. Once the cell phone is locked to a specific operator, if one inserts a SIM card from a different operator the phone will refuse to accept it! The cell phone will however accept another SIM card from the same operator.

To activate/deactivate this lock one needs a special secret code that is not available to the end user.

Here is how to activate the menu:

<**< Lock to Network? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NCK.

<**<< Lock to Network subset? if pressing yes you have 5 attempts to enter NSCK.

Warning: Your phone can be locked to a service provider FOREVER by doing this! If an invalid code is entered all five times, the menu will exit and be deactivated! Any further attempt to activate the NCK/NSCK lock Menu will result in the response "Not allowed"! However the NCK/NSCK lock can be recover through a direct clearing in the EEPROM.

Shortcut for Last Dialed call menu
If you for some reason don't want to enter the 'Last Dialed calls menu' by using the 'YES' key you can use the following key stroke instead: First '0' then '#'.

Bat. level indicator when turned OFF
When the phone is turned off and the phone is not changing - the bat. level can be seen for a short period of time by pressing the 'NO' key quick once (it has to be quick!) and then wait for about 2 sec. The bat. level will now be shown in the display at its normal position.

Access menu without Sim card
To access to the menu in your phone without having a card inside do the following: type **04*0000*0000*0000# When display say "Wrong Pin" press NO and you have access to the all menus: Info, Access, Settings, Calculator, Clock, Keylock On?, Mail, Phone book. NOTE if you try this on your phone may stop at Keylock On? menu and you´ll have to take your battery out to turn the phone on again.

OTHERS

Ericsson DH368

Try these Codes on your DH-368 phone:

1. Power on.
2. Press 904059 + 'MENU'
3. 'TEST SET' display ...
4. Press 'YES' will display @ then press 1 'RCL' will turn light off and you will see 'DONE'
5. Press 'YES' will display @ then press 86 'RCL' display 'DONE' also you will hear static... You can just enter the channel number (up to 1023) by pressing 'Yes' 3 'CLR' XXXX - channel number to enter a channel directly. You can also see the signal level on channel by pressing 3 'MENU'. You can see the ESN number by pressing 'YES' 1 'RCL' 96 in HEX format.
6. Press 3 to exit, now you phone will power down and power up again. You can install the phone number into the phone by pressing 923885 + 'MENU'

Ericsson GF768

Edit Greetings Tip

1. Go to the Keylock menu.
2. Set lock to Auto.
3. Press YES then hold the left arrow untill the Greetings menu appears.

GF788 menu in your GF768 phone! (1)

1. Go to the EDIT MENU and press YES.
2. Type the number "2" and press YES.
3. In "NAME" HOLD DOWN the "2" key untill the number "2" apperars. Press YES.
4. Press YES again (to save any position) then QUICKLY press and hold left arrow (<) untill "SIZE" appears in the display.
5.Press YES and choose "Full size". You now have the GF788 menu!

NB. Confirmed working on version 970716 and 980318.

GF788 menu in your GF768 phone! (2)

1.Go to MissedCall
2. Empty the list
3. Press the -> key for a second or two
4. The option Menu size turns up
5. Choose 'yes' and go from there

NB. Confirmed working on version 990122.

GF788 menu in your GF768 phone! (3)

1. Go and set the ring volume and press yes.
2. When 'STORED' is displayed - keep the right button -> pressed until 'Extended Menu' is displayed.
3. Select "Activate" the menus and you now have lots of extra features

NB. Confirmed working on version 980910

Ericsson A1018s

(UN)LOCKING YOUR ERICSSON A1018s TO SPECIFIC NETWORK :

A way to (un)lock your cell phone on to the network:

1. Press : <**<
2. Then on the display appear and give you two choices: Lock to Network ? and Lock to Network subset?
3. Enter the NCK number (code is provided by the SP)
4. You have 5 attemps to do this
5. Then your cell phone will work 'only' with the network

Important!
Try these codes at your own risk!
Some of these codes may not work.

WindowsXP Tips

IPCONFIG Error

Added 9/15/07

When you run IPCONFIG and get an error:

An internal error occured: The request is not supported.
Please contact Microsoft Product Support Services for further help.
Additional information: Unable to query routing information

You need to copy a clean TCPIP.SYS file to the \windows\system32\drivers directory and reboot.

You can download TCPIP.SYS from my site

Browse Master Monitor

Added 2/8/07

If you have trouble browsing the network with only a few computers, you might check to see what Browse Master they are using.
There is a utility from Microsoft that will let you see what each computer is using for a browse master called Browsemon.

Download Browsemon

Taking Ownership Of a Folder

Added 2/6/07

Sometimes when you reinstall WindowsXP, you can receive an Access Denied error when trying to open a previous user's directory.
To take ownership of that folder again:

Log on with an account that has administrator rights
Right click on the folder
Select Properties
Click on the Security tab
Click on the Advanced button
Click on the Owner tab
In the list of Names, click on your name
To take ownership, click on Replace owner on subcontainers and objects
Click OK and Yes

Repairing Damaged Winsock2

Updated 2/6/07

The symptoms when Winsock2 is damaged shows when you try to release and renew the IP address using IPCONFIG.

And you get the following error message:
An error occurred while renewing interface 'Internet': An operation was attempted on something that is not a socket.

Also Internet Explorer may give the following error message:
The page cannot be displayed Additionally, you may have no IP address or no Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) address, and you may be receiving IP packets but not sending them.

-----

If you have WindowsXP with Service Pack 2, there is a one line command you can run to reset the winsock2 registry entries
netsh winsock reset catalog

------

There are two easy ways to determine if Winsock2 is damaged:

From the XP source files, go to the Support / Tools directory

Winsock Test Method 1
Run netdiag /test:winsock

The end should say Winsock test ..... passed

Winsock Test Method 2

Run Msinfo32
Click on the + by Components
Click on the by Network
Click on Protocol
There should be 10 sections if the Winsock2 key is ok

MSAFD Tcpip [TCP/IP]
MSAFD Tcpip [UDP/IP]
RSVP UDP Service Provider
RSVP TCP Service Provider
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...

If the names are anything different from those in this list, then likely Winsock2 is corrupted and needs to be repaired.
If you have any 3rd party software installed, the name MSAFD may be changed.
There should be no fewer than 10 sections.

To repair Winsock2

Run Regedit
Delete the following two registry keys:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock2

Download Reg file to delete these entries

Restart the computer
Go to Network Connections
Right click and select Properties
Click on the Install button
Select Protocol
Click on the Add button
Click on the Have Disk button
Browse to the \Windows\inf directory
Click on the Open button
Click on the OK button
Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Click on the OK button
Reboot

Or Download Reg file to add the correct registries back in. Then reboot the computer

Task Manager is Menu Bar is Missing

Added 2/6/07

If you start the Task Manager and menu bar and tabs are missing,
the Task Manager is running in Tiny Footprint mode.

To fix this, simply double click on an empty space in the top border

Network Connection Always Shows Access Denied

Added 2/6/07

If you are always getting Access Denied errors when trying to connect to a XP computer,
and you know you have the correct user names and passwords on the computer,
the solution may be a simple registry edit.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE / SYSTEM / CurrentControlSet / Control / Lsa
Change the value of a key called "restrictanonymous" to 0 instead of 1
Don't change "restrictanonymoussam" value.
Reboot

Hiding Manage My Computer

Added 11/25/05

If you want to remove Manage My Computer from My Computer

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER / Software / Microsoft / Windows / CurrentVersion / Policies / Explorer
Create a DWORD value called NoManageMyComputerVerb
Set the value to 1
Reboot

Finding Your XP Product ID

Added 11/25/05

There is a great little utility available to help you find your currently installed product ID
http://www.magicaljellybean.com/keyfinder.shtml

It also works for Windows 95, 98, ME, NT4, 2000, XP, Server 2003, Office 97, and Office XP

Forgotten Admin or User's Password

Added 11/25/05

You do not need to reinstall if you forgot the admin password.

There is a boot disk you can download at:
http://home.eunet.no/~pnordahl/ntpasswd/

that will let you reset the password of any account on NT4, Windows2000 or XP.

Just follow all the default settings which are for the admin account. Used it many
times with great success.

They also have a bootable CD image you can download.

Showing Common Tasks in Window

Added 11/25/05

When you open a window from My Computer or the Control Panel, and you don't see the blue bar with additional options on the left side, you may simply need to turn on Common Tasks

From that same windows, go to Tools / Folder Options
Check Show common tasks in folders

Renaming Multiple Files in a Directory

Added 11/19/05

If you want to rename multiple files in the same directory:

Using the Windows Explorer, select all the files you want to rename
Press F2 or right click and select Rename
Enter the prefix for the name you want (e.g. Newname)
This will automatically rename the rest of the files Newname (1).jpg, Newname (2).jpg etc.
Make sure you include the extension if you have the Explorer configured to show them.

Disable Windows Tour

Added 11/19/05

If you want to disable the Take Tour of Windows XP that comes up after you install WindowsXP:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Applets\Tour
Create a new DWORD key called RunCount
Give it a value of 0

Download Reg File

Windows Help and Support Error

Added 11/19/05

If you get an error Windows cannot find HELPCTR.EXE, it may be that a registry entry has gotten corrupted.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\App Paths\HELPCTR.EXE
If the key isn't there, right click and create a new key HELPCTR.EXE
It should have a value of C:\WINDOWS\PCHealth\HelpCtr\Binaries\HelpCtr.exe
Reboot

Speeding Up Network Browsing

Added 11/14/05

There are a lot of things which can negatively impact how fast XP will browse network shares.
One has been previously covered regarding browsing to Win9x computers.

Other things you can try, especially when there is slow browsing to network shares with a lot of files:

1. Remove current shortcuts in My Network Places

2. Change the registry so shared folders on remote computers are not automatically added to My Network Places when you even open a document from that shared folder

Start Regedit
Create a DWORD value:
HKEY_Current_User \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \ Explorer \ NoRecentDocsNetHood to 1.
I have also seen setting the following help as well.
HKEY_Current_User \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \ Explorer \ UseDesktopIniCache to 1.

Download Reg file to do both

3. Increase the amount of data is buffered at one time to send to a client. On the computer with the shared directory:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanServer\Parameters
Create a DWORD Key called SizReqBuf
Give it a value of Hex FFFF

Download Reg file

Editing the Boot.ini file

Added 10/18/05

The boot.ini file is a simple text file that is on the root of the boot drive.
You can edit this with any plain text editor like Notepad (may need to unhide the file first)

Right click on My Computer
Select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Under Startup and Recovery, click on the Settings button
Click on the Edit button

Running CHKDSK

Added 8/17/05

One way to run a chkdsk (this is like Scandisk that was with Win9X), is to

Double click on My Computer
Right click on the drive you want to check
Select Properties
Click on the Tools tab
Click on the Check Now button
Check to Automatically fix file system errors - This is the same as running chkdsk /f
If you want to Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors, check that box - This is the same as running chkdsk /R. It can also add a lot of time to the scan
Reboot if necessary

You can also run chkdsk from the command line with will give you more options.
The following switches are available:

/F - fix any errors
/R - identifies bad sectors
/V - with FAT32, displays a verbose output
With NTFS Volumes:
/I - Performs simpler check (stage 2)
/C - Skips the checking of cycles within folder structures
/X - Forces the volume to dismount if necessary. Intended for server administrators and should be avoided for normal use

Opening Shared Folders Snap-In

Added 8/17/05

To manage all your shared folders, you can run the snap-in directly

Start / Run / fsmgmt.msc

This will show you all your shared folders in a single window
You can also see what other computers are connected and what files they have open

Additional Utilities

Added 8/17/05

On the XP CD in the \Support\Tools directory, there are a lot of additional support and troubleshooting utilities.
You can run SETUP from that directory to install them.

Just a few are:

diruse	Shows Disk Usage
dupfinder	Finds Duplicate files
getmac	Get's MAC address of the network card
hostname	Shows the host name of the computer
netdiag	Diagnoses a variety of network components
pviewer	Show a list of process and allows you to get a memory detail or kill any process
windiff	Compare files and directories

Viewing Your IP Address Information

Added 8/17/05

There are several ways you can determine your IP address information:

IPCONFIG

Start / Run / cmd
IPCONFIG /ALL

This opens a command window. One advantage is that you can send the information to a text file (IPCONFIG /ALL > c:\ip.txt)
But sometimes the window shows show much information you need to scroll around to fine it.

VIEW STATUS

Control Panel / Network Connections / Double click the icons for your network (If the network has an icon in the system tray you can also just double click on that icon)
Click on the Support tab
Click on the Details button

Make Pictures Smaller Unavailable

Added 8/17/05

When you try and send pictures through e-mail, you should normally be given the option to make them smaller.
If this option is not available, a DLL file may need to be registered.

Start
Run
regsvr32 shimgvw.dll

Creating a Suspend Shortcut

Submitted 3/2/05

If you would like to create an icon to suspend your computer,

Right click on the Desktop
New / Shortcut
Enter in rundll32.exe PowrProf.dll, SetSuspendState
Give it whatever name you want
Now when you click on that shortcut, your computer will shutdown and suspend

Submitted by Gabe

Changing the User Type

Added 3/2/05

Normally in XP Pro, through the Control Panel / User Accounts icon, you are only allowed to create administrators or limited users.
If you want to create

Right click on My Computer
Manage
Local Users and Groups
Users
Right click on the user you want to change
Properties
Member of tab
Add button
Advanced button
Find Now button
From here you see the full list of possibilities (e.g. Power User, Backup Operator etc.)

Determining Which Services are Associated with SVCHOST

Added 3/2/05

Since so many critical services are run with each svchost,
You can see which ones are being used by opening a cmd prompt and running:

tasklist /svc /fi "imagename eq svchost.exe"

Note: This is available only with XP Pro

Identify Faulty Device Drivers

3/2/05

If you are having problems with lockups, blue screens, or can only get to safe mode,
often the problem is due to a faulty device driver.

One way to help identify them is through the use of the Verfier program

Start / Run / Verifier
Keep the default of Create Standard Settings
Select the type of drivers you want to confirm
A list of drivers to be verified on the next boot will be shown.
Reboot
If your computer stops with a blue screen, you should get an error message with the problem driver
To turn off the Verifier, run verifier /reset

Viewing Installed Drivers

Added 3/2/05

If you want to see a list of installed drivers, you can run the driverquery program
There are a lot of available switches to view different types of information.
On use can be to export to a CSV file for viewing in Excel
An example would then be:

Driverquery /v /fo csv > drivers.csv

Operation Was Attempted on Something That Is Not a Socket Error

Added 11/19/04

If you get this error when you try and renew your IP address,
Likely the winsock2 registry entries are corrupted.

The basic steps to fix this are:

Remove the old registry entries - Download Reg file
Import the correct registry entries - Download Reg file
Reboot the computer

Opening Ports or Adding Allowed Programs with SP2's Firewall

Added 9/30/04

Click on Start / Run
Enter in firewall.cpl
Click on the Exceptions tab

Adding a Port for Internet Access:

Click on the Add Port button
Name it whatever you want
Enter in the ports you want to open

Adding a Program for Internet Access

Click on Add Program... button
A list of all installed programs will be displayed
Highlight the one you want to include for Internet access
Click on the OK button

Autoexec.nt or Config.nt Errors

Added 9/17/04

If you are getting errors similar to:
The system file is not suitable for running MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows applications. Choose 'Close' to terminate the application.

Try copying the file from \windows\repair directory to the one that is in the \windows\system32 directory.

Common Control Panel Applets

Added 9/17/04

The follow are some common Control Panel Applets that are located in the \windows\system32 directory.
If you find yourself using any of these frequently, then you can simply make shortcuts to them on your desktop.

appwiz.cpl	Add/Remove Programs
desk.cpl	Display Properties
firewall.cpl	Firewall Settings
inetcpl.cpl	Internet Options
mmsys.cpl	Sound and Audio
ncpa.cpl	Network Connections
nusrmgr.cpl	User Accounts
powercfg.cpl	Power Options
sysdm.cpl	System Properties
wscui.cpl	Security Center
wuaucpl.cpl	Automatic Updates Configuration

Windows Explorer Opens Search Companion Rather than the Folder

If the Windows Explorer opens up the Search Companion rather than opening up the actual folder, the default setting for opening a folder is changed.

To correct this:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Directory \ shell and HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Drive \ shell]
Edit the default value to be explorer or none

Download reg file

Running SFC without a CD ROM

Added 6/9/04

If you run sfc /scannow and get prompted to insert a CD,
there are a couple of changes you might need to make.

Slipstream your copy of WindowsXP with the latest service pack you have applied.
For detailed unstructions on how to do this see:
SlipStreaming a Service Pack into Windows XP

Once these files are on your hard drive, you can simply make a few registry changes to point to those locations.

Start Regedit

Go to the follow locations and change the path to wherever you copied the source files.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Setup\ServicePackSourcePath
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Setup\SourcePath
the last one might not be necessary
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\SourcePath

Guest Only Network Access

Added 4/11/04

If you try and connect to an XP computer and are shown a logins screen with only the computername/Guest,
You may need to change one of the Local Security Policies:

Got to Control Panel - Administrative Tools
Go to Local Policies - Security Options
Check teh Network access: Sharing and security model for local accounts
Set it to Classic - local users authenticate as themselves

Not Displaying Previous Network Share Shortcuts

Added 3/26/04

By default, when you go to Network Places, it will scan and show shortcuts to previous network shares.
To turn this off and remove any current shortcuts

Open up the Windows Explorer
Go to Tools / Folder Options / View
The top section should be Files and Folders
Uncheck Automatically search for network folders and printers
Then go into Network Neighborhood Select all the previous netowork connections Delete them
Next time you look at the Network Neighborhood, they should not repopulate

Hiding a XP Computer from Network Neighborhood

Added 3/26/04

If you want to share files from a XP computer,
yet want to remove it from showing up in the Network Neighborhood,

Run net config server /hidden:yes

Easy Way to Share Multiple Folders

Added 3/26/04

If you need to share multiple folders, running the program SHRPUBW.EXE will bring up a simple dialog box to let you:

Browse to the folder you want to share
Enter in a Share name
Ender in a Share description
Set permissions. Several choices are available
Restart the process from within the same program

System32 Folder Opens When Logging On

Added 3/26/04

If the System32 folder shows on the desktop, there may be an invalid entry in the Registry

Start Regedit
Go to both:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Double check that the values do not have incorrect, incomplete, or blank entries

Not Viewing Zip Files as Folders

Added 3/4/04

If you want to turn of WindowsXP showing Zip files as folders,
just run:

regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll

Setting Capslock, Numlock, Scroll Lock

Added 3/4/04

If you want to set the startup state for any or all of these keys,
you just need to edit the registry.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Keyboard
Open InitialKeyboardIndicators
Change the value to one of the following numbers
0 - All Keys off
1 - Caps Lock on
2 - Num Lock on
4 - Scroll Lock on
For multiple keys, add their values:
3 - Caps Lock and Num Lock on
5 - Caps Lock and Scroll Lock on
6 - Num Lock and Scroll Lock on
7 - Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock on
Log off and back on again

Running Network Diagnostics

Added 3/4/04

Network Diagnostics scans your system to gather information about your hardware, software, and network connections.

Start / Run / NETSH DIAG GUI

The following is the type of information that can be displayed:

Ping
Connect
Show
Verbose
Save to Desktop
Mail Service
News Service
Internet Proxy Server
Computer Information
Operating System
Windows Version
Modems
Network Clients
Network Adapters
Domain Name System (DNS)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Default Gateways
Internet Protocol Address
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

DOS Tips in XP

Submitted 3/4/04

Windows XP cmd tip (DOS isn’t dead... it just smells funny) Some command-line folder creation examples:

To create multiple folders at once, add them directly to the "md" command:

C:\> md this is a test

To create a folder several folders deep, use:

C:\> md this\is\a\test

Creating a folder with a long name requires the double-quote at the beginning:

C:\> md "this is a test

Bonus tip: Windows XP supports the forward slash "/" as a folder divider. Unix/Linux users: don't let the DOS environment get you down. Use a Unix-style CD command to change your present working directory:

C:\> cd Windows/system32/drivers/etc

Submitted by Bob and Tina

Restoring Desktop Icon to the Quicklaunch Bar

Added 12/26/03

If you mistakenly deleted the icon for the Desktop on the Quicklaunch toolbar

Go to C:\Documents and Settings\user_name\Application Data\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Quick Launch
(where user_name is replaced by your login name)

Create a Text file called ShowDesktop.SCF with the following contents:

[Shell]
Command=2
IconFile=explorer.exe,3
[Taskbar]
Command=ToggleDesktop

You can also DOWNLOAD a file, uncompress it, and copy to the toolbar or wherever you would like.

Network Access After Norton Anti-Virus Install

Added 12/9/03

Sometimes you can't access a WinXP computer after installing Norton Anti-Virus.
There might be a variety of errors at the other computer depending on the operating system.
On the XP computer, in the Event Viewer / System log, there will be the following error:
The server's configuration parameter "irpstacksize" is too small for the server to use a local device.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\lanmanserver\parameters
Edit the IRPStackSize
Give it a value of 15
Reboot the computer

Fixing Cryptographic Services Error

Added 12/8/03

If you get an error about the Cryptographic services when trying to apply the Security Updates or Service Pack 1,
run the following from Start / Run - note, you might want to just cut and paste the text.

net stop cryptsvc
ren %systemroot%\system32\catroot2 oldcatroot2
net start cryptsvc
regsvr32 softpub.dll
regsvr32 wintrust.dll
regsvr32 initpki.dll
regsvr32 dssenh.dll
regsvr32 rsaenh.dll
regsvr32 gpkcsp.dll
regsvr32 sccbase.dll
regsvr32 slbcsp.dll
regsvr32 cryptdlg.dll

Fixing Explorer Searching Rather Than Opening Directories

Added 11/30/03

Sometimes after adding the right click with the Explorer, the default setting for opening a folder is changed.
To correct this:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Directory \ shell
Edit the default value to be explorer or none

Download reg file

Configure for Auto-Logon

Added 11/28/03

If you are the only person using the computer and what to have it automatically log you on,

Start / Run / "control userpasswords2" - no quotes
Uncheck User must enter a user name and password to use this computer

Services You Can Disable

Updated 10/30/03

There are quite a few services you can disable from starting automatically.
This would be to speed up your boot time and free resources.
They are only suggestions so I suggestion you read the description of each one when you run Services
and that you turn them off one at a time.

Some possibilities are:

Alerter - Sends alert messages to specified users that are connected to the server computer.
Application Management - Allows software to tap directly into the Add/Remove Programs feature via the Windows Installer technology.
Background Intelligent Transfer Service - The Background Intelligent Transfer service is used by programs (such as Windows AutoUpdate) to download files by using spare bandwidth.
Clipbook - ClipBook permits you to cut and paste text and graphics over the network.
Error Reporting Service - Allows applications to send error reports to Microsoft in the event of an application fault.
Fast User Switching - Windows XP allows users to switch quickly between accounts, without requiring them to log off.
Help and Support - Allows the XP Built-in Help and Support Center to run.
IMAPI CD-Burning COM Service - You don't need this if you have other software to create CDs.
Indexing Service - Indexes contents and properties of files on local and remote computers; provides rapid access to files through flexible querying language.
IP SEC - Manages IP security policy and starts the ISAKMP/Oakley (IKE) and the IP security driver. If you are not on a domain, you likely don't need this running.
Messenger - Transmits net send and Alerter service messages between clients and servers. This is how a lot of pop-up windows start appearing on your desktop.
Net Logon - Supports pass-through authentication of account logon events for computers in a domain. If you are not on a domain, you don't need this running
Network DDE - Provides network transport and security for Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) for programs running on the same computer or on different computers.
NT LM Security Support Provider - Provides security to remote procedure call (RPC) programs that use transports other than named pipes.
Performance Logs and Alerts - Collects performance data from local or remote computers based on preconfigured schedule parameters, then writes the data to a log or triggers an alert. If you don't need to monitor your performance logs, then you don't need this service.
Portable Media Serial Number - Retrieves the serial number of any portable music player connected to your computer
QOS RSVP - Provides network signaling and local traffic control setup functionality for QoS-aware programs and control applets.
Remote Desktop Help Session Manager - Manages and controls Remote Assistance. If you are not using Remote Desktop you don't need this service.
Remote Registry - Enables remote users to modify registry settings on this computer.
Routing & Remote Access - Offers routing services to businesses in local area and wide area network environments. Allows dial-in access.
Secondary Login - Enables starting processes under alternate credentials. This is what allows you to run an application as another user.
Smart Card - Manages access to smart cards read by this computer.
Smart Card Helper - Enables support for legacy non-plug and play smart-card readers used by this computer.
SSDP Discovery Service - Enables discovery of UPnP devices on your home network.
TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper - Enables support for NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) service and NetBIOS name resolution. This should not be needed in today's network environment.
Telnet - Enables a remote user to log on to this computer and run programs, and supports various TCP/IP Telnet clients.
Uninterruptible Power Supply Service - Manages an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) connected to the computer.
Universal Plug and Play Device Host - Provides support to host Universal Plug and Play devices
Upload Manager - Manages synchronous and asynchronous file transfers between clients and servers on the network.
Volume Shadow Copy Service - Manages and implements Volume Shadow Copies used for backup and other purposes.
Web Client - Enables Windows-based programs to create, access, and modify non-local files across the Internet.
Wireless Zero Configuration - Provides automatic configuration for the 802.11 adapters
WMI Performance Adapter - Provides performance library information from WMI HiPerf providers.

Stopping the Messenger Service

Added 6/21/03

To remove the ability for anyone in the world to pop up messages on your computer,
you can disable the Messenger service.

Click Start->Settings ->Control Panel
Click Performance and Maintenance
Click Administrative Tools
Double click Services
Scroll down and highlight "Messenger"
Right-click the highlighted line and choose Properties
Click the STOP button
Select Disable or Manual in the Startup Type scroll bar Click OK

Submitted by Thomas Bitner Olson

Faster DOS Printing

Submitted 6/21/03

If you are experiencing slow printing for DOS programs with Windows2000

Go Start | Run | Regedit
Click Hkey_Local_Machine
Click on System
Click CurrentControlSet
Click Control
Go to the bottom of this part of the list and click WOW
Click LPT timeout and change it to a 3

Submitted by Steve Cohen

Cleaning the Prefetch Directory

Added 3/2/03

WindowsXP has a new feature called Prefetch. This keeps a shortcut to recently used programs.
However it can fill up with old and obsolete programs.

To clean this periodically go to:

Star / Run / Prefetch
Press Ctrl-A to highlight all the files
Delete them

Not Displaying Logon, Logoff, Startup and Shutdown Status Messages

Added 3/2/30

To turn these off:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\policies\system
If it is not already there, create a DWORD value named DisableStatusMessages
Give it a value of 1

Download a reg file

Accessing Non-Listed Display Configurations

Added 3/2/03

If you want to access display configurations not normally listed (e.g. 256 colors)

In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Settings tab.
Click the Advanced button.
Click the Adapter tab,
Click the List all modes button.
Select the resolution, color depth, and refresh rate that you want and click OK.

Repair Install

Added 2/9/03

If XP is corrupted to the point where none of the previous solutions get it to boot,
you can do a Repair Install that might work as well as keep the current settings.
Make sure you have your valid WindowsXP key.
The whole process takes about half an hour depending on your computer
If you are being prompted for the administrator's password, you need to choose the 2nd repair option, not the first.

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD
At the second R=Repair option, press the R key
This will start the repair
Press F8 for I Agree at the Licensing Agreement
Press R when the directory where WindowsXP is installed is shown. Typically this is C:\WINDOWS
It will then check the C: drive and start copying files
It will automatically reboot when needed. Keep the CD in the drive.
You will then see the graphic part of the repair that is like during a normal install of XP (Collecting Information, Dynamic Update, Preparing Installation, Installing Windows, Finalizing Installation)
When prompted, click on the Next button
When prompted, enter your XP key
Normally you will want to keep the same Workgroup or Domain name
The computer will reboot
Then you will have the same screens as a normal XP Install
Activate if you want (usually a good idea)
Register if you want (but not necessary)
Finish
At this point you should be able to log in with any existing accounts.

NTOSKRNL Missing or Corrupt

Added 2/9/03

If you get an error that NTOSKRNL not found:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Change to the drive that has the CD ROM.
CD i386
expand ntkrnlmp.ex_ C:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe
If WindowsXP is installed in a different location, just make the necessary change to C:\Windows
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

HAL.DLL Missing or Corrupt

Added 2/9/03

If you get an error regarding a missing or corrupt hal.dll file, it might simply be the BOOT.INI file on the root of the C: drive that is misconfigured

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Type bootcfg /list to show the current entries in the BOOT.INI file
Type bootcfg /rebuild to repair it
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

Corrupted or Missing \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG

Added 2/9/03

If you get the error:
Windows could not start because the following files is missing or corrupt
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM or \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
cd \windows\system32\config
Depending on which section was corrupted:
ren software software.bad or ren system system.bad
Depending on which section was corrupted
copy \windows\repair\system
copy \windows\repair\software
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM Not Found

Added 2/9/03

If you get an error that NTLDR is not found during bootup,

If you have FAT32 partitions, it is much simpler than with NTFS.
Just boot with a Win98 floppy and copy the NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM files
from the i386 directory to the root of the C:\ drive.

For NTFS:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
Enter in the following commands (X: is replaced by the actual drive letter that is assigned to the CD ROM drive.
COPY X:\i386\NTLDR C\:
COPY X:\i386\NTDETECT.COM C:\
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

Bringing Up the Shutdown Dialog Box

Added 1/31/03

Create a new txt file somewhere on your system, open it and put in this one line:
(new ActiveXObject("Shell.Application")).ShutdownWindows();
Save and Close the file. Change the extension to js and your got it.
You can make a shortcut to that file to make it easy to shut down your system.

Submitted by DJ Speed Racer

Adding TCP/IP Printers

Added 1/7/02

To create a connection to a printer connected to your network:

Start to add a new printer through the control panel.
Select Local Printer / Next
Instead of a LPT port, check Create a new port at the bottom on the window
Scroll to Standard TCP/IP Port
Keep going and enter the IP address of the printer.

Increasing the Folder Cache

Added 1/6/02

The default setting for WindowsXP is to cache the Explorer settings for 400 folders.
To increase it:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam
Change the vaule of BagMRU to whatever size you want (hex)

1000 - 3e8
2000 - 7d0
3000 - bb8
4000 - fa0
5000 - 1388

You can Dowload a reg file that will set it for 5000

Hiding the Last User Logged On

Added 1/4/03

If you use the standard NT style of login and want to hide the last user:

Start the Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc)
Go to Computer Configuration / Windows Settings / Security Settings / Local Policies / Security Options
Scroll down to Interactive logon: Do not display last user name
Set it to Enable

Poweroff at Shutdown

1/4/03

If your computer does not turn off the power when doing a shutdown,
you may need to edit the registry. I have all the correct BIOS and Power settings and still needed to do this.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop
Edit the key PowerOffActive and give it a value of 1
You can do the same in HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop

Download reg file

Remembering Folder Settings

Added 12/21/02

If XP does not remember your folder settings, delete or rename the following registry keys

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam\BagMRU]
[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\ShellNoRoam\Bags]

Download reg file

Stop Password Expiration

Updated 12/21/02

If you want to do this for all users, enter:

Start / Run / net accounts /maxpwage:unlimited

Added 3/18/02

If you are getting an error message that your password is about to expire:

Right click on the My Computer icon
Select Manage
Go to Local Users and Groups / Users
Right-click on the user you want to change
Select Properties
On the General tab, check Password never expires
Click OK

Installing Java Virtual Machine

Updated 12/21/02

If you are getting errors when browsing the web to install Java Virtual Machine,

You can still download it from Microsoft (version 3810)
If this link is removed by MS or is too slow you can download it here

If you need a previous version, you can download 3805

It is now included in Service Pack1

You can also download Sun's version

Preventing Applications from Stealing the Focus

Added 12/14/02

To prevent applications from stealing the focus from the window you are working

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Desktop
Edit the key ForegroundLockTimeout
Give it a value of 00030d40

Download reg file

Disable Explorer Thumbnail View

Added 12/4/02

If you want disable the Explorer's ability to show the Thumbnail View ,

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ Advanced \
Change ClassicViewState to 1

Download reg file

Adding Environment Variables

Added 12/04/02

Since any version of NT does not use an autoexec.bat file,
to add environment variables to WindowsXP:

Right click on My Computer
Select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Click on the Environment Variables button
From here you can change it for the system or just the current user.

Disable Passport Pop-Up

Added 11/26/02

Normally, WindowsXP will prompt you 10 times that You Need a Passport to use WindowsXP Internet communication features...

To disable this

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ MessengerService
Edit the binary key PassportBalloon
Give it a value of 0A (0A 00 00 00)

Show Hidden Devices

Submitted 11/26/02

You can show hidden devices in the Device Manager. One way is by making a simple registry change. The other is through a batch file.

Registry Change:

Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ ControlSet001 \ Control \ Session Manager \ Environment
Create a string DEVMGR_SHOW_NONPRESENT_DEVICES
Give it a value of 1

Download reg file

Batch File

@Echo Off
Prompt $p$g
set DEVMGR_SHOW_NONPRESENT_DEVICES=1
start devmgmt.msc
exit

Submitted by Michael Kinsel

Spell Check Not Working With Outlook Express and Office97

Added 11/23/02

This is simply due to a missing or corrupted DLL file

Go to the i386 directory of your XP source files
Run Expand csapi3t1.dl_ csapi3t1.dll (Note: If your source files are on a CD, you will need to put a path before the csapi3t1.dll since you can't write to the CD).
Copy the file to the Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Proof directory
You can also download the file from my site.

Disable Shared Documents

Added 11/23/02

To disable the Shared Documents folder that shows up on the network

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \ Explorer \
Create a new DWORD Value
Give it the name NoSharedDocuments
Give it a value of 1
Log off or reboot

Disable the Remote Desktop Sharing (RDS) icon's menu

Submitted 11/23/02

To Disable the Remote Desktop Sharing (RDS) icon's menu:

Start regedit.exe
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Conferencing\Mcpt
Create a new string value (Click on Edit > New > String Value).
Name the value Nx
Double-click on it and set it's value to 1
Close the registry

Now the menu options will be grayed out.

Submitted by Justin Herron

Prevent the Remote Desktop Sharing (RDS) icon from appearing in the notification tray

Submitted 11/23/02

To Prevent the Remote Desktop Sharing (RDS) icon from appearing in the notification tray:

Click Start, then Run.
Type services.msc and then click ok.
Scroll down until you find the NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing service
Double-click on it.
Click on the Log On tab.
Uncheck Allow service to interact with desktop
Click OK then close the services window.
Reboot (You must reboot).

There you go. When you return, RDS will work, but there will be no icon in the notification area.

Submitted by Justin Herron

Printing a Directory

Added 11/12/02

WindowsXP does not allow you to use previously describe methods for printing the contents of a directory.
To do this requires the creation of a small batch file which is then added to your right-click options.

Batch File

On the root of the C: drive, create a batch file called print_directory.bat with the following lines:

@echo off
dir %1 /o:g > c:\directory.txt
start /w notepad /p c:\directory.txt
del c:\directory.txt
exit

Note: dir %1 /o:g will print with any directories listed first. You can add whatever other switches you like

Adding to the Explorer Right Click

Start the Explorer
Go to Tools / Folder Options
On the File Types tab, click File Folder.
Click Advanced button and then click New.
In the Action box, type Print Directory (or whatever text you want to appear).
In the Application used to perform action box, type C:\print_directory.bat, and then click OK.
Click OK, click OK, and then click Close

Fixing the Registry

Sometimes after adding the right click with the Explorer, the default setting for opening a folder is changed.
To correct this:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Directory \ shell
Edit the default value to be explorer or none

Download reg file

Removing Thumbs.db Files

Added 11/12/02

When viewing a folder with the Thumbnail view, WindowsXP creates a thumbs.db file.
This is a cache of the current pictures in that directory.
If you want to turn this feature off and save a little disk space

Start the Windows Explorer
Go to Tools / Folder Options / View
In the first section under Files and Folders, check Do not cache thumbnails
Now you can search for the thumbs.db file on your computer and remove them. No more should be created.

Enable / Disable the Task Manager

Added 10/17/02

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
Create the Dword value DisableTaskMgr
Give it a value of 0 to enable it
Give it a vaule of 1 to disable it

Download Reg File

Saving Desktop Settings

Added 9/11/02

If you desktop or folders on your desktop do not retain their settings:

Start Regedit

Go go HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Program Manager\Restrictions
Create or edit the DWORD value NoSaveSettings
Give it a value of 0

Download reg file

Hiding the Windows Version on the Desktop

Added 9/10/02

If your version of WindowsXP is displaying on the desktop and
you would like to remove it:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Control Panel \ Desktop
Edit or Create the DWORD entry PaintDesktopVersion
A value of 0 will hide the version from the desktop
Logoff or reboot

Download reg file

To make this change for all future users, edit
HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop in the same manner.

Using Media Player 6.4

Added 9/10/02

If you want to use the older version of Microsoft Media Player 6.4, it is still on your computer.

Make a shortcut on your desktop to the:
C:\Program Files\Windows Media Player\mplayer2.exe file

You can also change the file associations from this program to set it as the default for all media types.

Controlling the Desktop Cleanup Wizard

Added 7/24/02

By default, the Desktop Cleanup Wizard will pop up every 60 days to cleanup your desktop.

To stop this:

Right click on the desktop.
Select Properties
Click on the Desktop tab
Click on the Customize Desktop button
Uncheck Run Desktop Cleanup Wizard

Clearing the Page File on Shutdown

Updated 7/24/02

Another way to set the computer to clear the pagefile without directly editing the registry is:

Click on the Start button
Go to the Control Panel
Administrative Tools
Local Security Policy
Local Policies
Click on Security Options
Right hand menu - right click on "Shutdown: Clear Virtual Memory Pagefile"
Select "Enable"
Reboot

Submitted by Arthur Pounder

Added 8/16/01

If you want to clear the page file on each shutdown:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\ClearPageFileAtShutdown
Set the value to 1

Download reg file

Restoring Access to CD ROMs

Added 5/22/02

If after you remove CD Burning software, you can no longer access your CD ROM's,
the following registry keys need to be deleted:

Locate and delete the UpperFilters and LowerFilters values under the following key in the registry:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Class\{4D36E965-E325-11CE-BFC1-08002BE10318}

Download Reg File

ReInstalling WindowsXP

Added 5/21/02

If you need to reinstall WindowsXP and want to keep all your current installed applications and settings:

Start WindowsXP
Go to the location of your source files
Run WINNT32 /unattend

I've often need to do this to repair something that had gotten corrupted and didn't want to do a clean install.

Setting the Dir Command to Display Filenames on the Left

Added 5/10/02

Previous versions of Windows displayed the filenames on the left hand side when you run the dir command.
WindowsXP changes this and the default it to put it on the right.

To change this back:

Right click on My Computer
Click on Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Click on the Environment Variables button
Click on New button
Enter the Variable name: dircmd
Enter the Variable value: /-n

Dell Computer Not Keeping Correct Time

Added 5/5/02

If your Dell computer is loosing time while the computer is turned on,
You can run the following commands:

Start / Run / CMD
Net stop w32time
w32tm /unregister
w32tm /unregister
w32tm /register
Net start w32time

You can also download a Dell Patch to do the same process automatically

Fix Browsing Delay to Win98/ME Computers

Added 5/18/01

If you experience a 30 second or so delay when browsing to Windows98 or WindowsME computers,
delete the following registry key on the Windows2000 or WindowsXP computer.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE / Software / Microsoft / Windows / CurrentVersion / Explorer / RemoteComputer / NameSpace {D6277990-4C6A-11CF-8D87-00AA0060F5BF}

Download reg file

Formatting a Partition Greater than 32 GIGs with FAT32

Added 4/27/02

WindowsXP will only format a partition greater than 32 GIGs as NTFS.
If you want to format it with FAT32:

You can use a regular Win98 Boot disk and use that version of FDISK to create the partition (with Large Hard Drive Support)
Reboot with the same boot disk and format
WindowsXP will then be able to use the partition with no problems

Adding SafeBoot to the Boot Menu

Added 4/23/02

You can add Safeboot as an option to the normal XP boot screen

Open a command prompt
Copy the current c:\boot.ini to another name (just in case)
With your favorite text editor, edit c:\boot.ini
Copy then edit the current boot line to another line. For example:
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect
might copy and then change to:
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional Safeboot" /fastdetect
Start MSCONFIG
Click on the BOOT.INI tab
Highlight the second line with the additional name of Safeboot
Check the /SAFEBOOT box with option you want
Minimal - Minimal set of drivers
Network - With Network Support
Dsrepair - Directory Services Repair
Minimal (Alternate Shell) - Standard Explorer Desktop
You will now have this option every time you start XP

No GUI Boot

Added 4/23/02

If you don't need to see the XP boot logo,

Run MSCONFIG
Click on the BOOT.INI tab
Check the box for /NOGUIBOOT

Speeding the Startup of Some CD Burner Programs

Added 4/23/02

If you use program other than the native WindowsXP CD Burner software,
you might be able to increase the speed that it loads.

Go to Control Panel / Administrative Tools / Services
Double-click on IMAPI CD-Burning COM Service
For the Startup Type, select Disabled
Click on the OK button and then close the Services window
If you dontYou should notice

Getting Rid of Unread Email Messages

Updated 4/20/02

To remove the Unread Email message by user's login names:

Start Regedit
For a single user: Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\UnreadMail
For all users: Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\UnreadMail
Create a DWORD key called MessageExpiryDays
Give it a value of 0

Download reg file

Using the Internet Explorer Classic Search

Added 4/20/02

If you want to use the classic search engine in the Internet Explorer

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main
If it is not there, create a String Value of Use Search Asst
Give it a value of no

Download reg file

Logging in as Administrator

Added 4/11/02

If you want to log in as Administrator, but it is not show on the Welcome screen,

Hold the Ctrl-Alt key and press Del twice.
This will bring up the normal login and you can log on as Administrator

To unhide the Administrator account so it does show up:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon \ SpecialAccounts \ UserList
Unhide the Administrator key by giving it a value of 1

Download reg file

Correcting Fast User Switching Error

Added 4/11/02

If you are getting an error that:
A recently installed program has disabled the Welcome screen and Fast User Switching
with a reference to CSGina.DLL

Start Regedit
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon
Delete the key GinaDLL

Download reg file

Using the Classic Search in Explorer

Added 4/11/02

If you prefer to use the classic search style in Explorer,

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\CabinetState
Add a String Key called Use Search Asst
Give it a value of no

Download reg file

No To All When Overwriting Files

Added 4/5/02

When overwriting files in the Windows Explorer, there is an option for Yes To All.
This would overwrite any files you would normally be prompted for.

To have No To All, simply hold down the Shift key while you click on the No option.

Re-Installing User Login Pictures

Added 4/5/02

Normally WindowsXP shows assigned pictures for each user on the system.
If you have deleted your user pictures, want to know the location, or need to reinstall them,
they are stored in the C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Microsoft\User Account Pictures\Default Pictures
directory.

If you need to reinstall them, they can be expanded from the source CD. The actual files are:
airplane.bmp
astronaut.bmp
ball.bmp
butterfly.bmp
cat.bmp
fish.bmp
pink flower.bmp
guitar.bmp
snowflake.bmp
beach.bmp
car.bmp
chess.bmp
dirt bike.bmp
dog.bmp
drip.bmp
duck.bmp
frog.bmp
horses.bmp
kick.bmp
lift-off.bmp
palm tree.bmp
red flower.bmp
skater.bmp

WINIPCFG for XP

Added 4/1/02

If you like the graphic IP configuration program that comes with Windows98,
you can download a similar one for WindowsXP or Windows2000 from Microsoft at:
http://www.microsoft.com/windows2000/techinfo/reskit/tools/existing/wntipcfg-o.asp

The actual file is at:
WntIpcfg_setup.exe

Search Companion Error

Added 4/1/02

When doing a file search, if you get the error A File That Is Required to Run Search Companion Cannot Be Found

Log on as an Administrator
Click Start
Select Run
Enter in the command - %systemroot%\inf
Right-click the Srchasst.inf file
Click Install

Installing the Backup Program on the Home Version

Added 4/1/02

By default, the NTBACKUP program is not installed on the home version.

You can find it on the CD in the \VALUEADD\MSFT\NTBACKUP directory

Since not all vendors include the actual source code for XP,
you can download a copy

Changing Drive Letters

Added 3/30/02

If you want to change the letters assigned to your fixed or removable drives:

Right Click on My Computer
Select Manage
Select Disk Management

For a Fixed Disk:

Select it
Right click
Select Change Drive Letter and Path
Click on the Edit button
Enter in the letter you want to use

For a Removable Disk:

In the lower, right hand panel, right click on the Disk or CD ROM #
Select Change Drive Letter and Path
Click on the Edit button
Enter in the letter you want to use

Note: This can only be done for drives that do not have the Operating System Installed or you are booting to.

Turn off the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer as the Default Image Viewer

Updated 3/29/02

You can also change the file associations for the specific file types you want.

Open the Windows Explorer
Go to Tools / Folder Options / File Types
Scroll down to the extension you want to change
Click on the Change button
Select the program you want to associate with that extension
Click on the OK button

Added 3/4/02

If the Windows Picture and Fax Viewer is set as the default for many of your graphic file types,
you can remove it so other graphics programs can be used.

Run Regedit
Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT / SystemFileAssociations / image / ShellEx / ContextMenuHandlers
Delete the key ShellImagePreview

Download reg file

Allowing Network Access with Blank Passwords

Added 3/23/02

Although you can log in locally without a password, by default, WindowsXP Pro does not allow network users to access the computer without a password. Typically you will receive an Unknown error 31 if this is the case.

To change this setting:

Run gpedit.msc
Go to Computer Configuration / Windows Settings / Security Settings / Local Policies / Security Options
Double click on Accounts: Limit local account use of blank passwords to console login only
Disable this option

Changing the Default DOS Window Properties

Added 3/22/02

If you want to change the default DOS windows properties like:

Size
Color
Font
Buffer Size
Window / Full Screen

Open up a DOS window
Right click on the Title Bar
Select Defaults
Make any of the changes you like
All subsequent DOS windows will assume these defaults

Changing the Registered Owner

Added 3/20/02

Start Regedit
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion
From there you can edit the name in the Registered Owner key

Opening a Command Prompt to a Particular Directory from Explorer

Added 3/18/02

If you want to open a command prompt to a directory that is selected in the Explorer:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT \ Directory \ shell
Create a new key called Command
Give it the value of the name you want to appear in the Explorer. Something like Open DOS Box
Under this create a new key called command
Give it a value of cmd.exe /k "cd %L"
Now when you are in the Explorer, right click on a folder, select Open DOS Box, and a command prompt will open to the selected directory.

Download reg file

Adding Time Servers

Added 3/18/02

With WindowsXP, you can double-click on the time in the System Tray and connect to Time Servers on the Internet to synchronize with.
To add to the list of available servers:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\DateTime\Servers
Add new string keys named 2, 3, etc. with a value of the time server you want to use.

Creating a Boot Floppy

Added 3/14/02

To create a bootable floppy from within WindowsXP:

Insert a floppy into the A: drive
Open the Explorer
Right click on the A: Drive
Select Format
Check Create an MS-DOS startup disk
Click on the Start button
This will create a Millennium boot disk

Changing the Login Screen Saver

Added 3/8/02

If you want to change the screen saver that runs at the login prompt:

Start Regedit

Go to HK_USERS / .DEFAULT / Control Panel / Desktop
Double click on SCRNSAVE.EXE
Enter in the screen saver you want to use

Running NetMeeting

Added 3/8/02

To run NetMeeting:

Do a Start / Run
Enter conf
Answer the prompts along the way for name, e-mail etc.

Set the Online Registration as Being Completed

Added 3/4/02

You can set WindowsXP to assume the online registration has been completed.

Run Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion
Create a String Value called RegDone
Give it a value of 1

Download reg file

Decreasing Boot Time

Added 3/4/02

Microsoft has made available a program to analyze and decrease the time it takes to boot to WindowsXP
The program is called BootVis

Uncompress the file.
Run BOOTVIS.EXE
For a starting point, run Trace / Next Boot + Driver Delays
This will reboot your computer and provide a benchmark
After the reboot, BootVis will take a minute or two to show graphs of your system startup.
Note how much time it takes for your system to load (click on the red vertical line)
Then run Trace / Optimize System
Re-Run the Next Boot + Drive Delays
Note how much the time has decreased
Mine went from approximately 39 to 30 seconds.

Re-Enabling System Restore

Added 3/3/02

If you previously disabled system restore through the Group Policy Editor,
the option to start it again does not show in the System Properties.
You can re-enable it again by:

Run the Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc)
Go to Computer Configuration / Administrative Templates / System / System Restore
Set Turn off System Restore and Turn off Configuration to Disable
Right click on My Computer
Select Manage
Go to Services and Applications / Services
Scroll down to System Restore Service
Set it for Automatic
Click on the Start button to start the service
Close down this window
Go back to the Group Policy Editor and configure both to Not configured
Now when you right click on My Computer, there should be a tab for System Restore and you can configure how much space will be used.

Hide/Unhide Logon Names

Added 3/3/02

If you want to hide or unhide the names of users that are displayed on the initial logon screen:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon \ SpecialAccounts \ UserList
Add a DWORD with the name of the user account you want to hide
Make sure it has a value of 0
If there is an existing account, you can unhide it by giving it a value of 1

Reinstalling the TCP/IP Protocol

Added 3/2/02

If you've worked on previous versions of Windows,
there are times when you need to completely reinstall the TCP/IP protocol stack.
This is typically due to corrupted files.

To do this with XP,
you need to run a small script:

netsh int ip reset [ log_file_name ]

the log_file_name needs to be specified.

e.g.
netsh int ip reset ip_reset.txt

Renaming the Start Button

Added 2/25/02

To rename the start button, you will need a hex editor.
My preference is UltraEdit

Copy the \windows\explore.exe file to a new name (e.g. explorer_1.exe)
With the hex editor, open that file and go to offset 412b6
You will see the word start with blanks between each letter
Edit it be any 5 characters or less
Save the file
Boot to DOS
Copy the existing c:\windows\explorer.exe to explorer.org
Copy explorer_1.exe to explorer.exe
You will also need to replace the explorer.exe in the c:\windows\system32\dllcache file as well with the new one.

Note: If the partition is NTFS and you can't access the files from DOS:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon.
Change the value of Shell from Explorer.exe to explorer_1.exe

Rollback a Device Driver

Added 2/18/02

If you install a device drive that does not work correctly,
you can restore the previous one fairly easily.

Log in with an administrator account
Right click on My Computer
Select Properties
Click on the Hardware tab
Click on the Device Manager button
Go to the device you want to reconfigure
Click on the Driver tab
Click on the Roll Back Drive button

Selecting What Details to Display in the Explorer

Added 2/3/02

To add or remove items to be displayed in the Explorer when using the Details View

Start the Explorer
Go to View / Choose Details
Right click on the columns by Name and check or uncheck any item you want displayed

Available options are:

Owner
Name
Size
Type
Date Modified
Status
Attributes
Author
Title
Subject
Category
Pages
Comments
Copyright
Date Created
Date Accessed
Attributes
Artist
Album Title
Year
Track Number
Genre
Duration
Bit Rate
Protected
Camera Model
Date Picture Taken
Dimensions
Company
Description
File Version
Product Name
Product Version

Closing Multiple Taskbar Items

Submitted 2/3/02

If you hold down the Control Key when you click on the taskbar icons,
it selects multiple tasks. Then you can simply right-click on the selected items and choose close group.

This tip works with all windows, not just one applications. If you have the cal, ie, notepad and solitaire open, it will close them all, unlike the group similar items command that only lets you close all of one type (ex: all IE or all notepads).

Submitted by Terry Cadieux

Remembering Outlook / Outlook Express Password

Submitted 1/26/02

On systems, Outlook or Outlook Express will not remember the e-mail password,
which would then need to be entered in each time.

To solve the problem:

Open Registry Editor
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft
Right Click Protected Storage System Provider
Choose the Permissions option
Click the Advanced box near the bottom right hand corner. This should open another box, Towards the bottom of this box there should be two tick boxes, make sure that both of them are ticked. Click Apply, another box will open Click Yes, then Click OK and OK again.
Left Click the + next to Protected Storage System Provider and Delete any sub folder in this tree. (Right clicking and choose the delete option or press the delete key and choosing yes to delete)
Shutdown and Restart Computer.

Submitted by Naste

Turning Off the Firewall

Added 1/26/02

If you want to turn off the firewall for your computer:

Go to Start / Settings / Network Connections
Right click on the network connection you want to change
Select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Uncheck the box in Internet Connection Firewall

Grouping Similar Taskbar Buttons

Added 1/26/02

When you open more than one document in the same program and then minimize each document,
rather that showing separate icons on the taskbar for each document, WindowsXP groups them under a single icon for that application.

If you want to group, or ungroup, similar taskbar buttons,

Right click on the Taskbar
Select Properties
Check or Uncheck Group similar taskbar buttons

Turning Off the Guest Account

Added 1/22/02

For security purposes, you might want to turn off the Guest account

Open up the Control Panel
Click on User Accounts
Click on Change an account
Click on the Guest account
Click Turn off the guest account

Original NT Style Logon Screen

Updated 1/19/02

If you want to have the original NT style windows logon screen with XP,
simply hold the Ctrl-Alt keys and press the delete key twice.

The following Update Submitted by:
Steven Pennypacker

To make a permanent change so the logon screen is always like the traditional NT4/2000 style:

Go to the Control Panel
Open up User Accounts
Click Change the way users log on and off
Uncheck Use the Welcome screen
Click on Apply Options

Turning Off the Built-In CD Burner

Added 1/15/02

If you want to turn off the ability to using the built-in CD burner software that comes with WindowsXP:

Open up the Explorer
Right click on the drive that is your CD burner
Select Properties
Click on the Recording tab
Uncheck Enable CD recording on this drive

Hiding System Tray Icons

Added 1/10/02

With WindowsXP, you can manually select how you want individual icons in the System Tray to be displayed.

Right click on the Taskbar
Select Properties
Check Hide inactive icons
Click on the Customize button
This will bring up a dialog box that will allow you to select one of three options for your applications:
Hide when inactive, Always hide, or always show
Highlight current or past applications and make any changes you like.
A small arrow will now appear in the System Tray that will allow you to show or hide these icons.

Faster Task Switching

Added 1/6/02

If you installed WindowsXP Power Tools from Microsoft, when you press Alt-Tab to switch between running applications,
you get a screen that shows a small graphic of the window that is of that application along with its icon.
This also takes a long time to display. (Or at least longer than I'm comfortable with)

You can speed this up and revert back to previous ways task switching is displayed.

To Turn This Off After Your Reboot:

Run MSCONFIG
Click on the Startup tab
Uncheck Taskswitch
Click on the OK button
If you want to keep working, click on Exit without Restart

To Turn This Off Immediately:

Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete
Click on the Processes tab
Highlight TaskSwitch.exe
Click on the End Process tab
Click on the Yes button

WindowsXP Command Line Utilities

Added 1/5/02

While there are a lot of command line utilities in WindowsXP, here are some that I have been using lately.

bootcfg - Configures, queries, or changes Boot.ini file settings.

driverquery - Displays a list of all installed device drivers and their properties.

getmac - Returns the media access control (MAC) address and list of network protocols associated with each address for all network cards in each computer

gpresult - Displays Group Policy settings and Resultant Set of Policy (RSOP) for a user or a computer

netsh - You can use commands in the Netsh Interface IP context to configure the TCP/IP protocol

schtasks - Schedules commands and programs to run periodically or at a specific time

systeminfo - Displays detailed configuration information about a computer and its operating system

Disabling Error Reporting

Added 12/5/01

By default, WindowsXP will request to report application errors to Microsoft.
To turn this off:

Right click on the My Computer icon on the desktop
Select Properties / Advanced
Click on the Error Reporting tab
Check Disable error reporting

Adding a Title for the Command Prompt Title Bar

Added 11/27/01

If you create a batch file that might take a while to run,
you can add a title to the command prompt title bar it by simply adding the line:

title YOUR TEXT

where YOUR TEXT would be replaced by whatever text you want to show.

Increasing Graphics Performance

Added 11/27/01

By default, WindowsXP turns on a lot of shadows, fades, slides etc to menu items.
Most simply slow down their display.

To turn these off selectively:

Right click on the My Computer icon
Select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Under Performance, click on the Settings button
To turn them all of, select Adjust for best performance
My preference is to leave them all off except for Show shadows under mouse pointer and Show window contents while dragging

Creating an Automated Install of WindowsXP

Added 11/12/01

On the WindowsXP CP, in the SUPPORT\TOOLS directory,
there is a file called DEPLOY.CAB.

Extract the programs DEPLOY.CHM (help file) and SETUPMGR.EXE (main program)
Run SETUPMGR and answer the prompts.
This will create both a unattend.bat and unattend.txt file you can use for automated installs.
Note: The batch file might need some minor modification for file locations but it is fairly basic.

Creating a Shutdown/Reboot Icon

Added 11/11/01

WindowsXP has a program called SHUTDOWN.EXE which allows you to easily create icons to shutdown or restart your computer.

To create a shutdown shortcut on the desktop:

Right click on an open area of the desktop
Select New / Shortcut
Enter in "shutdown -s -t 00" - no quotes
Press the Next button
For the name, enter in anything you like. I just use shutdown. Click on the Finish button.

For a reboot, enter "shutdown -r -t 00"

Shutdown [{-l|-s|-r|-a}] [-f] [-m [\\ComputerName]] [-t xx] [-c "message"] [-d[u][p]:xx:yy]

Parameters

-l - Logs off the current user, this is also the defualt. -m ComputerName takes precedence.
-s - Shuts down the local computer.
-r - Reboots after shutdown.
-a - Aborts shutdown. Ignores other parameters, except -l and ComputerName. You can only use -a during the time-out period.
-f - Forces running applications to close.
-m [\\ComputerName] - Specifies the computer that you want to shut down.
-t xx - Sets the timer for system shutdown in xx seconds. The default is 20 seconds.
-c "message" - Specifies a message to be displayed in the Message area of the System Shutdown window. You can use a maximum of 127 characters. You must enclose the message in quotation marks.

Command Line Help Reference

Added 11/11/01

To get a quick help for all the commands you can enter from WindowsXP,
simply create a shortcut:

hh.exe ms-its:C:\WINDOWS\Help\ntcmds.chm::/ntcmds.htm

Using the System File Checker

Added 11/11/01

You can run the System File Checker to verify protected system files.

Command line switches are:

sfc [/scannow] [/scanonce] [/scanboot] [/revert] [/purgecache] [/cachesize=x]

/scannow - Scans all protected system files immediately.
/scanonce - Scans all protected system files once.
/scanboot - Scans all protected system files every time the computer is restarted.
/revert - Returns the scan to its default operation.
/purgecache - Purges the Windows File Protection file cache and scans all protected system files immediately.
/cachesize=x - Sets the size, in MB, of the Windows File Protection file cache.

Disabling Balloon Tips

Added 11/9/01

To turn off balloon tips in applications that support XP Themes:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\
Create a DWORD value of EnableBalloonTips
Give it a value of 0

Download reg file

Speeding Up the Display of Start Menu Items

Added 11/8/01

An easy way to speed up the display of the Start Menu Items is to turn off the menu shadow.

Right click on an open area of the Desktop
Select Properties
Click on the Appearance tab
Click on the Effects button
Uncheck Show shadows under menus

Installing the NetBEUI Protocol

Added 11/7/01

Microsoft no longer supports the NetBEUI protocol as part of WindowsXP.

You can add it as a installable protocol by going to the VALUEADD \ MSFT \ NET \ NETBEUI
directory on the CD ROM.

Note: %SYSTEMROOT% refers to the drive and directory where you installed WindowsXP.
Typically this is in the C:\WINDOWS directory

Copy the nbf.sys into the %SYSTEMROOT%\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ directory
Copy netnbf.inf into the %SYSTEMROOT%\INF\ directory
Open the Network connection properties for your local area network and use "Install..." button to add NetBEUI protocol

I included a zipped file with the above files and a simple batch file to copy both to the appropriate directories

This is only if you absolutely need NetBEUI. It is not at all a necessary requirement for most networks.

Setting System Time Over the Internet

Added 11/5/01

You can set your system clock to a time server on the Internet.

Double-click the time on your taskbar
Click the Internet Time tab
Check Automatically synchronize with an Internet time server
Click on the Update Now button

Creating a Password Recovery Disk

Added 11/5/01

In case you forget your password, you can create a password recovery floppy disk beforehand to help you out of this problem.

Single-click Start menu
Go to the Control Panel / User Accounts
Click the User Account
On the left hand side, click on Prevent forgotten password
You will need to know your password to create the disk.
If you don't remember your password sometime in the future, click on the green arrow like normal at the login and you will be prompted to insert the password recover disk.

Changing the Default Search Settings

Added 11/5/01

By default, when you start a search,
you are prompted for what you want to search for.
(e.g. Pictures, Documents, Files, Computers)

To change the preferences, simply click on Change preferences

From here you can:

Turn off the animated screen character
Change files and folders search behavior (setting it to Advanced changes the default search screen to be for simply files)
Internet search settings
Turn off balloon tips

Opening an Explorer Window to the Directory You Want

Added 9/4/01

If you want to create a shortcut for the Explorer to a specific directory,
include the directory you want in the Target.

For example:
%SystemRoot%\explorer.exe /n, /e, d:\internet

would open the Explorer to the D:\INTERNET directory

Disabling Hibernation

Added 8/20/01

If you don't want to use up the disk space taken by Hibernation, or don't need to use it at all,
you can easily disable it.

Open up the Control Panel / Power Options icon
Click on the Hibernation icon
Uncheck Enable Hibernation

Locking the Workstation

Added 8/19/01

There are two ways you can lock the workstation.

With a Windows key + L
Create an shortcut rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation

Changing the Picture Displayed for a User

Added 8/19/01

You can change the picture that gets displayed for a particular user

Go to the Control Panel
Select User Accounts
Click on the Account to change
Click on Change my picture
You can then browse to the picture you want to use

Displaying the QuickLaunch Toolbar

Added 8/16/01

By default, WindowsXP does not show the QuickLaunch toolbar.
To enable it again:

Right click on an open area of the toolbar
Select Toolbars
Select Quick Launch

Now you can add programs like with Win98

Increasing System Performance

Added 8/16/01

If you have 512 megs or more of memory, you can increase system performance
by having the core system kept in memory.

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management\DisablePagingExecutive
Set the value to be 1
Reboot the computer

Download reg file

Removing the MSN Messenger

Added 8/16/01

If you want to remove the MSN Messenger from always starting in the system tray, do

Start / Run
Then enter in the following string: RunDll32 advpack.dll,LaunchINFSection %windir%\INF\msmsgs.inf,BLC.Remove

To remove it completely, see the section Adding / Removing Additional Programs

Remove the hide from the line:
msmsgs=msgrocm.dll,OcEntry,msmsgs.inf,hide,7

Common Command Console Utilities

Added 8/16/01

WindowsXP comes with quite a few console utilities you can easily run from the command line:

Computer Management - compmgmt.msc
Disk Managment - diskmgmt.msc
Device Manager - devmgmt.msc
Disk Defrag - dfrg.msc
Event Viewer - eventvwr.msc
Shared Folders - fsmgmt.msc
Group Policies - gpedit.msc
Local Users and Groups - lusrmgr.msc
Performance Monitor - perfmon.msc
Resultant Set of Policies - rsop.msc
Local Security Settings - secpol.msc
Services - services.msc
Component Services - comexp.msc

Automatically Ending Non-Responsive Tasks

Added 8/16/01

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop\AutoEndTasks
Set the value to be 1
In the same section, change the WaitToKillAppTimeout to the number of milliseconds you want.

Download reg file

Changing the Internet Explorer Title

Added 8/16/01

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Main\Window Title
Enter what you want appear in the title bar

Changing Visual Effects

Added 8/16/01

To change visual effects such as fade menus, mouse shadow, visual styles on buttons, drop shadows for icons, slide open boxes and buttons etc.:

Right click on My Computer
Select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Under Performance, click on the Settings button
From here you have a list of items you can select

Changing System Restore Settings

Added 8/16/01

By default, WindowsXP uses a large amount of hard drive space for storing system restore points.
If this is not necessary, you can change the settings.

Go to Start / Programs / Accessories / System Tools
Run System Restore
For each drive or partition, you can click on the Setting button to change how much hard drive space is devoted to each one.
There is even the option to turn it off for all drives.

Configuring the Firewall

Added 8/16/01

WindowsXP has firewall capabilities built into the operating system.

For your network connection to the Internet, select Properties
Click on the Advanced tab
Check the Internet Connection Firewall section
Click on the Settings button to change the settings

Changing Programs That Start Automatically

Added 8/16/01

WindowsXP has a similar program, MSCONFIG, that was available in Windows98.
This allows you to view and change what programs are automatically started each time you log in.

The new version also allows you to view and edit the boot.ini file (as well as check for errors and use several advanced switches)

Adding / Removing Additional Programs

Added 8/16/01

By default, WindowsXP does not display all the programs you can add or remove.
To show this list:

Edit the \Windows\Inf\sysoc.inf file

In the Components section, simply remove the word hide.
This will leave two commas together (like on the rest of the items).
Then you can go to the Control Panel / Add or Remove Programs / Add/Remove Windows Components and the new items will be displayed.

[Components]
NtComponents=ntoc.dll,NtOcSetupProc,,4
WBEM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wbemoc.inf,hide,7
Display=desk.cpl,DisplayOcSetupProc,,7
Fax=fxsocm.dll,FaxOcmSetupProc,fxsocm.inf,,7
NetOC=netoc.dll,NetOcSetupProc,netoc.inf,,7
iis=iis.dll,OcEntry,iis.inf,,7
com=comsetup.dll,OcEntry,comnt5.inf,hide,7
dtc=msdtcstp.dll,OcEntry,dtcnt5.inf,hide,7
IndexSrv_System = setupqry.dll,IndexSrv,setupqry.inf,,7
TerminalServer=TsOc.dll, HydraOc, TsOc.inf,hide,2
msmq=msmqocm.dll,MsmqOcm,msmqocm.inf,,6
ims=imsinsnt.dll,OcEntry,ims.inf,,7
fp_extensions=fp40ext.dll,FrontPage4Extensions,fp40ext.inf,,7
AutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,au.inf,hide,7
msmsgs=msgrocm.dll,OcEntry,msmsgs.inf,hide,7
msnexplr=ocmsn.dll,OcEntry,msnmsn.inf,,7
smarttgs=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,msnsl.inf,,7
RootAutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,rootau.inf,,7

Games=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,games.inf,,7
AccessUtil=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,accessor.inf,,7
CommApps=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,communic.inf,HIDE,7
MultiM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,multimed.inf,HIDE,7
AccessOpt=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,optional.inf,HIDE,7
Pinball=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,pinball.inf,HIDE,7
MSWordPad=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wordpad.inf,HIDE,7
ZoneGames=zoneoc.dll,ZoneSetupProc,igames.inf,,7

Displaying and Configuring the Classic Start Menu

Added 8/16/01

If you prefer the original Start Menu, you can easily switch it back.

Right click on the Taksbar
Select Properties
Click on the Start Menu tab
Select Classic Start Menu
If you click on the Customize button you can choose to display Administrative Tools, Favorites, Run, and expanding many of the sub-menus like the Control Panel.

Increasing File System Caching

Added 8/16/01

To increase the amount of memory Windows will locked for I/O operations:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management
Edit the key IoPageLockLimit

4096 - 32megs of memory or less
8192 - 32+ megs of memory
16384 - 64+ megs of memory
32768 - 128+ megs of memory
65536 - 256+ megs of memory

Enabling NumLock on by Default

Added 8/16/01

To have numlock turned on for each user:

Start Regedit
Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Keyboard\InitialKeyboardIndicators
Change the value from 0 to 2
Turn Numlock on manually
Log off and back on again.
For all users, make the same change to HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Keyboard\InitialKeyboardIndicators

Download reg file

Ternyata SNR Margin(Signal-to-Noise Margin) & Line Attenuation Sangat Berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran koneksi

Overview

System Requirements

Instructions

What Others Are Downloading

bandwidth

Soft Reset

Hard Reset

Note

Browse Master Monitor

Taking Ownership Of a Folder

Repairing Damaged Winsock2

Task Manager is Menu Bar is Missing

Network Connection Always Shows Access Denied

Hiding Manage My Computer

Finding Your XP Product ID

Forgotten Admin or User's Password

Showing Common Tasks in Window

Renaming Multiple Files in a Directory

Disable Windows Tour

Windows Help and Support Error

Speeding Up Network Browsing

Editing the Boot.ini file

Running CHKDSK

Opening Shared Folders Snap-In

Additional Utilities

Viewing Your IP Address Information

Make Pictures Smaller Unavailable

Creating a Suspend Shortcut

Changing the User Type

Determining Which Services are Associated with SVCHOST

Identify Faulty Device Drivers

Viewing Installed Drivers

Operation Was Attempted on Something That Is Not a Socket Error

Opening Ports or Adding Allowed Programs with SP2's Firewall

Autoexec.nt or Config.nt Errors

Common Control Panel Applets

Windows Explorer Opens Search Companion Rather than the Folder

Running SFC without a CD ROM

Guest Only Network Access

Not Displaying Previous Network Share Shortcuts

Hiding a XP Computer from Network Neighborhood

Easy Way to Share Multiple Folders

System32 Folder Opens When Logging On

Not Viewing Zip Files as Folders

Setting Capslock, Numlock, Scroll Lock

Running Network Diagnostics

DOS Tips in XP

Restoring Desktop Icon to the Quicklaunch Bar

Network Access After Norton Anti-Virus Install

Fixing Cryptographic Services Error

Fixing Explorer Searching Rather Than Opening Directories

Configure for Auto-Logon

Services You Can Disable

Stopping the Messenger Service

Faster DOS Printing

Cleaning the Prefetch Directory

Not Displaying Logon, Logoff, Startup and Shutdown Status Messages

Accessing Non-Listed Display Configurations

Repair Install

NTOSKRNL Missing or Corrupt

HAL.DLL Missing or Corrupt

Corrupted or Missing \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG

NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM Not Found

Bringing Up the Shutdown Dialog Box

Adding TCP/IP Printers

Increasing the Folder Cache

Hiding the Last User Logged On

Poweroff at Shutdown

Remembering Folder Settings

Stop Password Expiration

Installing Java Virtual Machine

Preventing Applications from Stealing the Focus

Disable Explorer Thumbnail View

Adding Environment Variables

Disable Passport Pop-Up

Show Hidden Devices

Spell Check Not Working With Outlook Express and Office97

Disable Shared Documents

Disable the Remote Desktop Sharing (RDS) icon's menu